Polymer-Polyols in the Development of High Resiliency Foams

Patten, William; Seefried, C.G.; Whitman, R. Douglas

doi:10.1177/0021955x7401000602

Cited by 14 publications

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“…The conventional polyol consists of a 5000 Mn Poly(oxypropylene-oxyethylene) triol capped to a primary hydroxyl content of approximately 75 percent. As noted in previous studies [3,5] increasing levels of polymer-polyol in a high resiliency foam formulation significantly increases the load-bearing capability of the resultant molded foams. Figure 1 shows this effect for NIAX Polyol 34-28 over a typical concentration range employed for most automotive seating applications.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…Dynamic mechanical property studies of urethane polymers have shown.that polymer-polyols-increase the modulus within the rubbery plateau region, but do not significantly affect the major glass transition temperature. [6] [3] This advantage for molded, high resiliency foams based on polymei polyols is shown graphically in Figure 2. As the concentration of NIAX Polyol 34-28 (polymer-polyol)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] ] Isocyanate Index-Isocyanate index refers to the amount of isocyanate available for the hydroxyl and water reactions in a given formulation. As isocyanate level less than the stoichiometric amount (a value less than 100 for the ratio (NCO)/(OH) X 100) will result in a deficiency of completed chemical reactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] This specialty class of polyols allows for precise control of foam load-bearing properties over a wide range, which is necessary for the requirements of various automotive seating applications. This increase in foam load-bearing occurs without substantial alteration of other physical properties related to comfort, durability and low temperature flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3, 41 In these studies it is demonstrated how the combination of both formulating and mechanical processing tech-niques can be utilized to broaden the range of foam hardness. Formulating and mechanical changes, which affected the load-bearing properties of high resiliency foams were also evaluated with regard to the crushing and breathability characteristics of cushions at demold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

Patten¹,

Seefried²

1976

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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IntroductionIn the United States the principal market for molded, flexible urethane foam is the transportation industry, with a major share being consumed by automotive seating applications. The development of molded, high resiliency foam technology coincided with a major investment by automotive manufacturers in new seating designs. This marked change in the design and construction of automotive seats resulted in a significant increase in the amount of flexible foam required per cushion.[1 ] High resiliency flexible foam has become synonymous with a quality seating material. These foams possess outstanding cushioning and resiliency properties normally associated with good latex rubber foam.[2] The use of polyether polyols with increased reactivity provides several processing advantages for high resiliency foams. Because molded foams cure much faster than that attained with earlier systems based on less reactive polyols, a substantial savings in time and energy is realized.The processing characteristics, as well as physical properties, of molded, high resiliency foams are substantially improved by the use of polymer-polyols. [3] This specialty class of polyols allows for precise control of foam load-bearing properties over a wide range, which is necessary for the requirements of various automotive seating applications. This increase in foam load-bearing occurs without substantial alteration of other physical properties related to comfort, durability and low temperature flexibility. In addition, the demold and handling characteristics of these foams are improved dramatically by the unique ability of polymer-polyols to provide a more open and breathable product.Earlier work has shown that the load-bearing properties of high resiliency foam can be altered by various formulating techniques. [3, 41 In these studies it is demonstrated how the combination of both formulating and mechanical processing tech-niques can be utilized to broaden the range of foam hardness. Formulating and mechanical changes, which affected the load-bearing properties of high resiliency foams were also evaluated with regard to the crushing and breathability characteristics of cushions at demold. ExperimentalMolded, high resiliency, flexible foams were prepared with standard laboratory formulation techniques. Test samples were produced in a 15&dquo; X 15&dquo; X 4-3/4&dquo; aluminum mold with either 1 /4&dquo; or 1/16&dquo; vent holes depending upon the degree of &dquo;packing&dquo; needed. The mold was preheated to 120°F, tightly clamped after introduction of the foam ingredients, allowed to remain at ambient conditions for two minutes and finally, to minimize heat losses, was placed in an air-convection oven at 250°F for six minutes. Molded foam samples made specifically for physical property evaluations were crushed twice immediately upon demold and allowed to cure for seven days at controlled ambient conditions. Physical properties were determined in accordance with ASTM D-2406-73, &dquo;Standard Methods of Testing Molded Flexible Urethane ...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

Patten¹,

Seefried²

1976

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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Morphology of water‐blown flexible polyurethane foams

Armistead

Wilkes

Turner

1988

J of Applied Polymer Sci

120

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Committee Chairman: Garth L. Wilkes Chemical Engineering (ABSTRACT)A series of four water-blown flexible polyurethane foams was produced in which the water content was varied from 2 to 5 pph at a constant isocyanate index of 110.A portion of each foam was thermally compression molded into a plaque. The morphology of the foams and plaques was investigated using OMS, DSC, FTI R, TEM, SEM, swelling, WAXS, and SAXS. A high degree of phase separation occurs in these foams and the degree of phase separation is independent of water (ha rd segment) content. In the foam with the lowest water content the morphology is similar to that of typical segmented urethane elastomers. Small hard segment domains are present with a correlation distance of roughly 7. 0 nanometers. When the water content is increased a binodal distribution of hard segments appears.There are the smal I ha rd segment domains typical of segmented urethane elastomers as well as large hard segment aggregates greater than 100 nanometers 1n diameter. The large domains are thought to be aggregates of polyurea that precipitated during the manufacture of the foam. The foam making process successfully incorporated the trifunctional polyols into a network indicating a high degree of polymerization for the hydroxyl-isocyanate reaction. Unreacted isocyanate is present in the foams a month after curing. It is believed to be trapped in the large urea aggregates.WAXS patterns of the foams suggest hard segment ordering that may be of a paracrystalline nature but certainly lacking in true crystallinity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to thank my major professor Dr. Wilkes for his patience, concern, and support, without which I probably would not have remained in Blacksburg to complete this work.I wou Id also Ii ke to thank Dr. Glasser and Dr. Sebba for the interest they showed in my work and the time and effort they spent reviewing my thesis.I would like to thank Rick Allen and Dr. Lin for their assistance in using the ORNL facilities and Dinesh Tyagi and Brandt Carter for many helpful discussions.Finally, I would like to thank all of the group members for their everyday greetings, smiles, and conversion. In particular I would like to thank Dinesh and Ruby, Brandt, Marty and Martha, andBruce.iv One reason for this is that in the production of polyurethane foams, the blowing and gelling reactions occur simultaneously. Any change in chemistry or processing conditions alters both the cell structure and the morphology of the material comprising the cell structure. As a result, there is no way to evaluate the material independent of cell structure or cell structure independent of material. Changes in chemical and processing variables have been extensively studied as to their influence on bulk properties of the foam and polyurethane foams with a wide range of physical properties can be produced ( 1-5).This 'technological' approach to the development of polyurethane foams has been very successful and presently, the yearly production of polyurethane foams far outweighs other types...

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Foaming Processes

Bernard

2018

Polymeric Foams Structure-Property-Performance

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Polymer-Polyols in the Development of High Resiliency Foams

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

Morphology of water‐blown flexible polyurethane foams

Foaming Processes

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