Polymer oxidation and water treeing

Bulinski, A.T.; Crine, J.‐P.; Noirhomme, B.; Densley, R.J.; Bamji, S.S.

doi:10.1109/94.708273

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In order to easily create the water needle electrode where the water tree starts, (5) the top surface was scratched using an Au wire brush. Next, (6) cleaning and drying were performed by following the processes in (2) and (3), and then (7) Au was deposited as a ground electrode onto the bottom surface of the sample. The sample was (8) cleaned using superpure water in a clean room, and then (9) was dried.…”

Section: Manufacture Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a chemical breakdown mechanism which extends to the oxidation and molecular separation of XPLE as a result of catalytic action by metallic ions present in impurities has been considered [4,5]. On the other hand, because no general correlation has been seen between the development of water trees and oxidation products, there have also been reports suggesting an unknown chemical reaction that XPLE, oxygen, or ions participate in [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The focus of this attempt is impurities frequently detected in regions with water tree deterioration. In particular, inorganic elements (metallic ions) are known to participate significantly in the occurrence and development of water trees [5][6][7]. This is thought to suggest that an important message for understanding the key to this mechanism is hidden in these "traces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on behavior of inorganic impurities in water tree

Kumazawa

Nakagawa²,

Tsurumaru³

2005

Elect. Eng. Jpn.

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SUMMARYIt is well known that water tree propagation in XLPE cable is significantly influenced by inorganic impurities in water. Therefore, we investigated both changes in concentration and deviation of isotopic content of inorganic elements in XLPE samples by water tree experiments in a clean environment. The concentration of several kinds of elements (e.g., Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Bi) in water-treed sample showed anomalous increase or decrease dependent on cation (K

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Section: Manufacture Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on behavior of inorganic impurities in water tree

Kumazawa

Nakagawa²,

Tsurumaru³

2005

Elect. Eng. Jpn.

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“…In addition, due to the fact that in recent years carbonyl compounds and other forms of oxidation products in some water trees have been observed through FT-IR analysis [2,3], it was suggested that the water treeing can also be caused by chemical mechanisms in which ions of metals present in the insulating material as contaminants act as catalysts inducing oxidation and breakage of molecular chains of XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) [4,5]. On the other hand, no consistent correlation was established between the growth of water trees and products of oxidation, but in some papers it was suggested that some unknown chemical reactions involving ions of XLPE and oxygen may take place [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most interesting experimental result was an occasional presence of contaminants in areas of deterioration of the water tree type. It is well known that inorganic elements (metal ions) are closely associated with the generation and progress of water trees [5][6][7], and we think that an important issue for understanding the keys to the explanation of the mechanisms of inception and growth of water trees can be found by analyzing certain "traces" left by these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of weak radiation involving generation and progress of water tree

Kumazawa

Taniguchi

2008

Electrical Engineering Japan

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SUMMARYIt is well known that generation and progress of water trees in XLPE cables are strongly enhanced by inorganic impurities. We have investigated the effect of such impurities in the water treeing process and reported the experimental results as follows: (1) the anomalous increase or decrease in several kinds of inorganic elements was observed in water treed XLPE samples, (2) a distinctive relationship was found for the mass numbers for the elements, and (3) the isotopic content of the elements such as Zn deviated over 6% from the naturally occurring level. These results suggest that some unknown phenomena play a role in the formation of water trees, such as cold fusion or nuclear transmutation in condensed matter. In order to study the relationship between water trees and these phenomena, we attempted to detect neutrons, γ-rays, or X-rays accompanying the generation and progress of water trees in XLPE samples. In the experiments, weak and burst-like radiation, apparently low-energy γ-rays or X-rays, was often detected by BF 3 and/or CdZnTe counter. The radiation tended to be detected in the samples with a large number of water trees generated by supplying sufficient amounts of inorganic cations.

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Effect of silane‐grafting on water tree resistance of XLPE cable insulation

Jiang

Wang

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Water treeing is one of the main deterioration phenomena observed in the polymeric insulation of extruded crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cables, which can affect the service life of power cables. In this work, we investigated the effect of grafting of a silane (vinyl trimethoxysilane, VTMS) on the resistance of XLPE to water treeing. A series of water-treeing tests, the mechanical and dielectric measurements indicated that the silane-grafting could significantly improve the water tree resistance of the conventional XLPE cable insulation with little influences on its dielectric properties, e.g., the dielectric breakdown strength, dielectric constant and loss tangent, and its mechanical performance. It was found that there exists an optimum value of VTMS concentration (about 0.6 phr) corresponding to the minimum water tree length. The water tree resistance mechanism of silane-grafted XLPE was proposed on the basis of the process of silane hydrolysis and crosslinking.

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Polymer oxidation and water treeing

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

A study on behavior of inorganic impurities in water tree

A study on behavior of inorganic impurities in water tree

Detection of weak radiation involving generation and progress of water tree

Effect of silane‐grafting on water tree resistance of XLPE cable insulation

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