Polymer nanoparticles-preparations, applications and future insights: a concise review

Adhikari, Chandan

doi:10.1080/25740881.2021.1939715

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 290 publications

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“…Similarly, gold nanoparticles have become popular as reporter molecules due to their optoelectronic properties, low toxicity, and large surface-to-volume ratio [119]. Other nanomaterials, such as semiconductor quantum dots [120], polymer nanoparticles [121], carbon nanotubes [122], and nanodiamonds [123], have been proposed to improve the functioning of biosensors and microdevices [118,124].…”

Section: Current Trends and Future Perspectives In Enzymatic Methods For Salivary Biomarkers Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

2021

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Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.

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Section: Current Trends and Future Perspectives In Enzymatic Methods For Salivary Biomarkers Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

2021

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“…Moreover, their surface could be modified for targeted delivery, reducing drugs’ toxicity resultant from the systemic spread and, consequently, side effects [ 20 ]. Among them, polymeric NPs have been widely chosen as DDS in several biomedical applications due to their high stability, water solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenicity [ 21 , 22 ]. Another advantage of these NPs is their capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs [ 20 ].…”

Section: Nps-loaded Hydrogel Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanoparticles-Loaded Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Systematic Review on In Vivo Findings

et al. 2022

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Clinically available medications face several hurdles that limit their therapeutic activity, including restricted access to the target tissues due to biological barriers, low bioavailability, and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Drug delivery systems (DDS), such as nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogels, have been widely employed to address these issues. Furthermore, the DDS improves drugs’ therapeutic efficacy while reducing undesired side effects caused by the unspecific distribution over the different tissues. The integration of NPs into hydrogels has emerged to improve their performance when compared with each DDS individually. The combination of both DDS enhances the ability to deliver drugs in a localized and targeted manner, paired with a controlled and sustained drug release, resulting in increased drug therapeutic effectiveness. With the incorporation of the NPs into hydrogels, it is possible to apply the DDS locally and then provide a sustained release of the NPs in the site of action, allowing the drug uptake in the required location. Additionally, most of the materials used to produce the hydrogels and NPs present low toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of the polymeric NPs-loaded hydrogels developed for various biomedical applications, focusing on studies that present in vivo data.

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“…The latter PNP have the ability to encapsulate higher amounts of drug. 33,34 In addition, due to their physicochemical characteristics, PNP can cross physiological barriers such as BBB, allowing to improve the bioavailability and biodistribution of drugs. 35 At the same time, they allow control of drug release kinetics and, conversely, extend over time their therapeutic action.…”

Section: Polymeric Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the structural similarity between the lipids used to fabricate NP (in many cases from natural origin) and the lipids of the endothelial cells of BBB, the passage of these nanocarriers by the transcellular pathway is favored. 34 Furthermore, their high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity allow them to be rendered as the best candidates for targeting diseases of the CNS. 50 There are two main types of LNP, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and the second generation of lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC).…”

Section: Lipid Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable nanoparticles for the treatment of epilepsy: From current advances to future challenges

et al. 2021

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Polymer nanoparticles-preparations, applications and future insights: a concise review

Cited by 30 publications

References 290 publications

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

Polymeric Nanoparticles-Loaded Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Systematic Review on In Vivo Findings

Biodegradable nanoparticles for the treatment of epilepsy: From current advances to future challenges

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