Polymer-modified microelectrodes for metal ion determination and the development of a calcium amperometric probe based on surface-immobilized Antipyrylazo III

Abstract

for their continued technical assistance and support. We also thank S. Krzysko at Northeastern University for her able assistance.

Effects of added plasticizer on redox ion charge transport in quaternized poly(vinylpyridine) films

“…These quiñones can be used in the analysis of La3+ by ion exchange into QPVP films as we have recently shown (6). They are similar in many respects to other complexing ligands that have been bound in modifying films for electroanalysis (7)(8)(9). The data in Table II shows that both ARS and AC exhibit a statistically significant increase in Dci for composition III versus films with no plasticizer (type I), with Dct increased by a factor of about 2 for ARS and 3.5 for AC.…”

“…Frequently, Dct is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller in the polymer film than the diffusion coefficient for the same redox couple in solution, and this limits the current density attainable for a given film thickness. As well, analytical applications of CMEs can require diffusion of analyte into the film, and this may be hindered by low diffusion coefficients for mass transport, Dmt (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Increasing the extent of solvent swelling of the polymer matrix (11,12) and inducing heterogeneity in the polymer film through the use of polymer mixtures (13) are two methods that have been found to increase both Dct and Dmt.…”

Reusable Doped Sol-Gel Graphite Electrodes for Metal Ions Determination

“…Although voltammetric sensors have been reported for the determination of metal ions including Fe(II) [4], Cu(I) [5], Ni(II) [6], Cu(II) [7±8], Ag(I) [9] and Ca(II) [10], this area is still in its infancy regarding real development of probes and future commercialization. Carbon paste electrodes [11±16], using graphite powder and mineral oil or polymeric binders to incorporate a desired ligand, are very attractive because of their simple fabrication, easy surface renewability, negligible background current and low detection limit.…”

Construction of submicrometer voltammetric electrodes

“…We are interested in the fabrication of small metal disk electrodes that can be chemically modified with a multifunctional polymer and used as selective electrochemical probes for some species of interest (e.g. metal ions) in small environments (11). We require that these electrodes have a total tip diameter (i.e.…”