“…Therefore, PMS activation not only engenders more free radicals, but also effectively reduces the recombination of e − and h + , thereby promoting photocatalytic efficiency. [37][38][39][40] As we know, PMS can usually be activated by metal or non-metallic catalysts, ultraviolet, microwave, ultrasonic, and photocatalysis. 41 Among them, Fe is favored by researchers due to its redox properties and low cost, making it a commonly used and effective activator for PMS.…”