Polymer Membranes

Enhancing Pervaporation Membrane Selectivity by Incorporating Star Macromolecules Modified with Ionic Liquid for Intensification of Lactic Acid Dehydration

“…Polymer film-forming materials are widely used in numerous modern technological processes using the principles of membrane separation of liquid and gas mixtures [ 1 ]. At present, polymer membranes also remain the most widely used and available materials in pervaporation (or evaporation through a membrane) processes.…”

Phase behaviour of poly(2, 6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPPO) in mixed solvents

“…Liquid-liquid demixing, generally accompanied by phase inversion and solidification, is a versatile route to generating membranes, scaffolds and porous polymer materials [1,2]. This ubiquitous process exploits the phase behaviour of a polymer blend or solution, most commonly by changing the temperature of the system (thermally induced phase separation, TIPS) or by addition of a poor solvent (nonsolvent induced phase separation, NIPS) [3]. Demixing results in two phases, a polymerrich phase that eventually forms the matrix of the material and a polymer lean phase, which forms the void structure [4].…”

“…The thermodynamics and phase behaviour of the specific ternary system dictates the demixing pathway and the spatiotemporal evolution of the morphology until kinetic arrest. Various factors can thus affect the final porous polymer structure formed via NIPS, which are systematically explored in the design and fabrication of membranes and scaffolds via phase inversion [3]. For example, membrane flux and selectivity is (somewhat empirically) tuned by initial polymer concentration [6], molecular weight [7], relative miscibility and composition of solvent to nonsolvent(s) [8][9][10] additives [7], temperature and geometry of film formation and precipitation [11].…”

Multi‐stimuli‐responsive Polymers Based on Calix[4]arenes and Dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐ethers

“…The final products (monomers and polymers) were also studied by MALDI ToF mass spectrometry (Bruker Microflex equipped with 337 nm N 2 laser) and 13 C NMR spectra (500 MHz Bruker Avance III).…”

“…The latter has been exhibiting superior properties to all other carbon-based conjugated materials and is a promising candidate for optoelectronics 12 . Other interesting applications of various polymers for advanced materials include the preparation of membranes 13 , modern adhesives and sealants 14 , polymer optical fibres 15 for data communication (POFs), nanocomposites and hybrid materials 16 . An exciting class of functional materials which offer the possibility of external control of their function is stimuli-responsive polymeric systems 17 .…”