Polymer Ligands Derived from Jute Fiber for Heavy Metal Removal from Electroplating Wastewater

Abstract

Industrial operations, domestic and agricultural activities worldwide have had major problems with various contaminants caused by environmental pollution. Heavy metal pollution in wastewater also a prominent issue; therefore, a well built and economical treatment technology is demanded for pollution-free wastewater. The present work emphasized pure cellulose extracted from jute fiber and further modification was performed by a free radical grafting reaction, which resulted in poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA)-grafted cellulose and poly(acrylonitrile)-grafted cellulose. Subsequently, poly(hydroxamic acid) and poly(amidoxime) ligands were prepared from the PMA-grafted cellulose and PAN-grafted cellulose, respectively. An adsorption study was performed using the desired ligands with heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, chromium and nickel ions. The binding capacity (qe) with copper ions for poly(hydroxamic acid) is 352 mg g−1 whereas qe for poly(amidoxime) ligand it was exhibited as 310 mg g−1. Other metal ions (chromium, cobalt and nickel) show significance binding properties at pH 6. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm study was also performed. The Freundlich isotherm model showed good correlation coefficients for all metal ions, indicating that multiple-layers adsorption was occurred by the polymer ligands. The reusability was evaluated and the adsorbents can be reused for 7 cycles without significant loss of removal performance. Both ligands showed outstanding metals removal capacity from the industrial wastewater as such 98% of copper can be removed from electroplating wastewater and other metals (cobalt, chromium, nickel and lead) can also be removed up to 90%.

Waste Fiber-Based Poly(hydroxamic acid) Ligand for Toxic Metals Removal from Industrial Wastewater

“…A distinguishable pH effect on the adsorption capacity of the metal ions by the polymeric ligands was found when compared with the previous work [ 23 , 25 , 40 ]. The pH effect on the adsorption behavior was studied using various metals (Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Cr 3+ , and Ni 2+ ) at room temperature with pH ranging from 3 to 6.…”

The Development and Characterization of a Cotton–Chitosan Composite for Lead Removal from Water

“…The Pb ion solutions were analyzed with an Agilent MP-AES 4200 microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (Santa Clara, CA, USA), at a wavelength of 368.34 nm and a nebulizer pressure of 0.95 L/min. The adsorption capacity q e (mg/g), % adsorption of Pb, and % desorption were calculated according to the following Equations (1)–(3) [ 1 , 12 , 14 ]: where C 0 and C e (mg/L) are the initial and equilibrium concentrations of lead, V (L) is the volume of solution, and m (g) is the mass of composite used as adsorbent.…”

“…Heavy metals in water are a severe environmental problem that directly affects human health even at very low concentrations; most of them are considered persistent, nonbiodegradable, and toxic, and must be removed; hence, an enormous amount of research into how to clean water at a lower cost and with less energy is needed. Many methods have been used to remove metals from water, such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, filtration, electrolytic processes, solvent extraction, adsorption, and biosorption [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Adsorption is one of the most popular methods due to its simplicity, low cost, efficiency, the regeneration capacity of the adsorbent, no sludge generation, and simple recovery; however, some adsorption mechanisms are still not fully understood [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

“…Adsorption is one of the most popular methods due to its simplicity, low cost, efficiency, the regeneration capacity of the adsorbent, no sludge generation, and simple recovery; however, some adsorption mechanisms are still not fully understood [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Polysaccharides such as cellulose, cellulose derivates, cotton textiles, and chitosan have received significant attention over the last two decades because they are convenient for heavy metal adsorption and are environmentally friendly materials [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Cellulose is easily obtained from nature; it is hydrophilic and has good reaction properties, so is a very good option to use as an adsorbent, or it can be functionalized to enhance its adsorption performance [ 5 , 6 , 11 , 12 ]. In this matter, cellulose extracted from jute fiber was modified with methyl acrylate/acrylonitrile monomers by a free radical method to obtained poly(methyl acrylate)-grafted cellulose and/or poly(acrylonitrile)-grafted cellulose and used for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater [ 1 ]; or for instance, Yu et al designed a hyperbranched polyamide and synthesized a dialdehyde cellulose to be crosslinked together by a reductive amination. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) of this functionalized cellulose was 137 mg/g due to the increased number of active sites on the developed material [ 13 ].…”