Polymer interfaces on a molecular scale: Comparison of techniques and some examples

Stamm, Manfred

doi:10.1007/bfb0051640

Cited by 84 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…X-ray and neutron reflectometry (XR, NR) techniques are attractive to surface and interface scientists, since they provide information on the fine structure of the surface, the interface, and thin films. − The thickness and the surface and interface roughness can be evaluated on the order of angstrom by these techniques. XR and NR techniques are recently being applied to the liquid systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct in Situ Observation of a Lipid Monolayer−DNA Complex at the Air−Water Interface by X-ray Reflectometry

et al. 1999

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Direct in situ observation of the fine structure of the cationic lipid monolayer−DNA complex on a water surface has been carried out by using an air−water interface X-ray reflectivity (XR) instrument. Interestingly, the thickness of the DNA layer was markedly thinner than the geometry of the cylindrical DNA molecule when the complex was deposited on the solid substrates; the thickness was determined to be 11 Å by XR measurement in a dried state, while the diameter of the DNA molecule is about 24 Å. However, the thickness in the complex on a water surface was estimated by in situ XR measurement to be about 25−28 Å, which is comparable to the geometry of the DNA molecule. Thus, the anomalously thin thickness was due to some experimental treatments, such as deposition on a solid substrate and/or drying. The structure of the monolayer and monolayer−polymer complex on the solid substrates in a dried state is not the same as that on a water surface. The possibility of some dynamic fluctuation of its structure was also suggested. These results strongly indicate the importance of a direct in situ study such as by the XR technique for the structural study of the monolayer and monolayer complex on a water surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct in Situ Observation of a Lipid Monolayer−DNA Complex at the Air−Water Interface by X-ray Reflectometry

et al. 1999

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“…Applications involving the coextrusion of polymeric materials necessitate the interdiffusion of chains residing at the two interfaces for the sake of mechanical integrity. Of particular interest in this case is the distribution of chain ends in the near surface region that controls the interdiffusion rate . Knowledge of the chain end distribution near a bounding interface is relevant to polymer welding and adhesion issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Properties of Homopolymer Melts in Confined Geometries Determined by Monte Carlo Simulation

1997

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The static properties of a homopolymer melt between energetically neutral walls are studied as a function of the degree of confinement (plate spacing) and polymer molecular weight. The cooperative motion lattice model is used and allows all calculations to be performed at full occupancy (i.e., at a volume fraction of 1); chain lengths varying from 384 to 24 are examined. Properties investigated include the magnitude of the end-to-end vector, the radius of gyration, and components of the end-to-end vector. In addition, orientation effects and the distribution of chain ends are also calculated. As the chains are confined, the end-to-end vectors align parallel to the walls beginning at a value of about twice the unconstrained value of the radius of gyration, regardless of the molecular weight. For values less than this, chain conformations are distorted and the magnitude of the average end-to-end vector and radius of gyration increase. The components of the end-to-end vector parallel and perpendicular to the walls are considered; in the cases of confinement, it is seen that there is a universal scaling relationship between the parallel component of the end-to-end vector and the plate spacing. The parallel component increases with the decreasing plate spacing according to approximately a one-sixth power (〈r 2〉∥ 1/2 ∼ L -1/6). Chain ends are most likely to be in the vicinity of one of the walls due to entropic constraints.

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“…These samples can be heated to investigate surface induced ordering in ultrathin films or the formation of a thin interface between two thin layers of incompatible polymer materials. 6 The application of this technique to polymers is limited due to the contrast, which is determined, for Xray, by the electron difference between the materials, however with synchrotron radiation still more details on the structure of surfaces can be reached.…”

Section: Surface and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Is progress introducing new polymeric architectures and systems followed by research and development of scattering techniques?</title>

Κryszewski

1997

X-Ray Investigations of Polymer Structures

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The general remarks on material structure investigation and preparation of hierarchical polymer structures and properties are characterised. The application of small angle X ray (SAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) are discussed particularly for to selected problems of polymer science: molecular weight determination and surface and interface studies are described. These techniques are briefly compared with reflectometry and other known modem methods of surface and interface investigations. It is shown that the state of art of scattering techniques is adequate to to-day's needs. There are still many problems which are intense experimental and theoretical progress emerging from the development in preparation, processing and application of polymers.After general remarks on material structure and its investigation, some aspects of preparation and hierarchical structure formation in polymers are given. Next selected problems of new polymeric architectures and systems as seen by scattering techniques, including molecular mass and surfaces/interfaces, are discussed. Final remarks, conclusion, acknowledgements, and a selection of representative references end the paper.

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Polymer interfaces on a molecular scale: Comparison of techniques and some examples

Cited by 84 publications

References 167 publications

Direct in Situ Observation of a Lipid Monolayer−DNA Complex at the Air−Water Interface by X-ray Reflectometry

Direct in Situ Observation of a Lipid Monolayer−DNA Complex at the Air−Water Interface by X-ray Reflectometry

Static Properties of Homopolymer Melts in Confined Geometries Determined by Monte Carlo Simulation

<title>Is progress introducing new polymeric architectures and systems followed by research and development of scattering techniques?</title>

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