Polymer Interface Molecular Engineering for E-Textiles

Zhu, Chuang; Li, Yang; Liu, Xuqing

doi:10.3390/polym10060573

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In recent years, fiber‐based wearable electronics such as fiber‐shaped energy harvesting and storage devices, wearable displays, deformable antenna, and fiber computers/processors have attracted a great deal of attention . For realizing these devices, one critical step is the fabrication of conductive components such as interconnects on flexible and stretchable fibers/fiber assemblies . Although several novel materials, including conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene, were developed in recent decades, metal is still considered as the best coating material in terms of conductivity, stability, compatibility, and cost .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mussel‐Inspired Flexible, Durable, and Conductive Fibers Manufacturing for Finger‐Monitoring Sensors

Zhu

Guan

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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particular 3D structure, such as sponges, the electroconductivity is poorly containable because the 3D structure, as a spatial mask, decreases the uniformity and continuity of the deposited metal films initiated by gravity. [18] Recently, Liu et al. reported the polymer-assisted metal deposition by surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization. [19] The designed polymer interface introduces covalent bonds between the surface of fibers and grafted polymer brushes and viscoelastic and high-swelling intrinsic properties of polymers provide the nanometer-scale mechanical interlocking of deposited nanoparticles within brushes. Although the resultant conductive yarns are highly durable and washable, the polymerization requires an inert N 2 protection and complex steps. Moreover, the target substrates have to contain abundant hydroxyl groups. On the other hand, with the booming development of novel materials, which can be employed in wearable electronics as their variety of performances, how to develop a new surface modification method which can be used in virtually any substrate and create conductive composites is important.According to Lee's report, [20] dopamine which mimics the adhesive chemistry of mussel plaque detachment allows the spontaneous deposition of nanoscale-thin, surface-adherent films of poly(dopamine) (PDA) on virtually all material surfaces such as polymers, ceramics, semiconductors, and novel metals by simple dip-coating in an alkaline solution. More importantly, secondary reactions can be used to produce a variety of ad-layers on the top of PDA, including metal films by electroless metallization. [21] In some reports, silver (Ag) was coated on different fibers, such as polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET), meta-aramid, glass, cotton, and polyurethane, via PDA-assisted electroless deposition (ELD). [22][23][24][25][26] However, in accordance with Zheng's review work, [27] silver, as a conductive coating material, is much more expensive than copper and nickel. More importantly, according to the European Commission and its nonfood Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks, there are still some arguments related to the toxicity of silver nanoparticles and additional adverse effects caused by the use of silver nanoparticles should be further evaluated.To address the challenges, we report here a simple, versatile, and scalable approach for preparing highly durable, washable, and electrically conductive fibers and yarns by electroless nickel (Ni) plating on fiber surfaces modified with PDA as adhesive layers. Copper (Cu) can be an alternative coating choice due to the high conductivity and low price. However, the Here a bioinspired facile and versatile method is reported for fabricating highly durable, washable, and electrically conductive fibers and yarns. Self-polymerized dopamine plays as adherent layers for substrates and then captures Pd 2+ catalyst for subsequent metal deposition on substrates. The Pd 2+ ions are chelated and partially reduced to nanoparticl...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mussel‐Inspired Flexible, Durable, and Conductive Fibers Manufacturing for Finger‐Monitoring Sensors

Zhu

Guan

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Due to its high surface roughness and irregular geometry, conventional vacuum deposition or “metal ink” printing process could not coat a very uniform layer of metal film over the textile surface. In contrast, PAMD is proved to be an excellent approach for fabricating metallic conductors on a wide variety of textile materials including natural and synthetic fibers, yarns, and fabrics …”

Section: Pamd On Flexible Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices

2019

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such as conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes, metal-the most conventional conductor-still outperforms significantly in terms of the electrical conductivity, device compatibility, materials stability, and cost-effectiveness. [1,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In particular, with the recent understanding of the nanomechanics of the metal and the soft structural design, metal conductors are indispensable for most of the flexible and wearable applications.In the literature, the fabrication of metal conductors typically consists of vacuum deposition of the metal and subsequent patterning with photolithography. Although this fabrication strategy can be directly applied on flexible polymeric substrates, it is often too costly for most flexible applications and may encounter materials instability issues of the flexible substrates at high vacuum or strong solvent. In addition, vacuum technology is not suitable for coating substrates with 3D structures such as foams, fibers, and arbitrary surfaces. This has led to extensive research on developing solution-based metal deposition and printing methods in the past three decades. The most reported solution-based strategy is the so-called "metal ink" method, in which solution-dispersed nanostructured metal particles (including nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoplates) or metal precursors are cast or printed onto the flexible substrates and then thermally sintered or chemically reduced to yield the metallic conductors. [39][40][41][42][43] Nevertheless, they are still not widely used because of the following reasons. 1) The metal conductor fabricated through the "metal ink" method shows much lower electrical conductivity compared to their bulk, due to the additives of the ink (such as surfactants, binders, and stabilizers) and the large contact resistance between the NPs. [44,45] 2) The "metal ink" method works very well with noble metals such as Au and Ag, but is not compatible with more frequently used, yet less stable metals such as Cu and Ni. Even though there has been a major shift of research focus from Ag to Cu in recent years, inks for making high-quality Cu or Ni conductors at low-temperature and in the air atmosphere are yet to be developed. 3) The metal conductors made by the "metal ink" method are more suitable for interconnects but are less suitable for electrode applications due to the high roughness and impurity of the metal film. 4) Penetration of the "metal ink" into highly porous substrates or structures with small gaps is The rapid development of flexible and wearable electronics favors low-cost, solution-processing, and high-throughput techniques for fabricating metal contacts, interconnects, and electrodes on flexible substrates of different natures. Conventional top-down printing strategies with metal-nanoparticleformulated inks based on the thermal sintering mechanism often suffer from overheating, rough film surface, low adhesion, and poor metal quality, which are not desirable for most flexible electronic applications. In recent ...

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“…Although, copper (Cu) is one of the cheapest metal options for application on flexible substrates, it is prone to oxidation and corrosion upon exposure to sweat, extreme temperatures and water environment. Also, the poor adhesion between the coating layer and textile surface causes loss of the textiles´ desired functionalities after laundering or long time wearing, and consecutively limits the widespread application of wearable devices (Zhu et al, 2018). In order to minimize the impact on the fabrics' comfort as well as to enhance flexibility, washing and wearing durability, diverse compounds can be applied as encapsulants/casting compounds using industrially-acceptable techniques such as coating, laminating and (screen) printing preventing degradation of conductive tracks.…”

Section: Textile Metallisation and Protective Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Metallised Textiles. The Case Study of Maturolife Project

et al. 2020

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This article provides an overview of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method which supports manufacturers’ environmental information needs by evaluation of the environmental aspects and potential influences throughout the lifetime of the product. In the article results are presented of the first phase of the life cycle assessment of metallised textiles and the context for the analysis is a new project: „Metallisation of Textiles to make Urban living for Older people more Independent & Fashionable – MATUROLIFE”, implemented under the HORIZON 2020 Programme – “Advanced materials & innovative design for improved functionality & aesthetics in high added value consumer goods”.The article presents the most important assumptions for assessing the environmental effects associated with the metallization of various textiles, including primarily electroless copper coating, by calculating the demand for materials and energy, and taking into account emissions to air, water and soil, and by assessing their impact on the environment. The use of LCA as a management tool with great potential for making decisions within strategic business planning was analyzed.

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Polymer Interface Molecular Engineering for E-Textiles

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

Mussel‐Inspired Flexible, Durable, and Conductive Fibers Manufacturing for Finger‐Monitoring Sensors

Mussel‐Inspired Flexible, Durable, and Conductive Fibers Manufacturing for Finger‐Monitoring Sensors

Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices

Life Cycle Assessment of Metallised Textiles. The Case Study of Maturolife Project

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