Polymer gel electrolytes for application in aluminum deposition and rechargeable aluminum ion batteries

Sun, Xiao‐Guang; Fang, Youxing; Jiang, Xueguang; Yoshii, Kazuki; Tsuda, Tetsuya; Dai, Sheng

doi:10.1039/c5cc06643c

Cited by 117 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This electrolyte permits reversible aluminum deposition/stripping and is ideal for aluminum ion batteries. 121 In related work, they succeeded in fabricating a battery utilizing a LiFePO 4 cathode and an aluminum anode. 122 In this system, acidic AlCl 3 -[C 2 mim]Cl was used for an electrolyte.…”

Section: Energy Storage Devices Using Haloaluminate Rtilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheng Dai's group at ORNL have proposed novel energy materials and concepts for chloroaluminate-based secondary battery systems. 121,122 First, they have prepared a polymer gel electrolyte using AlCl 3 complexed by acrylamide as a functional monomer and Lewis acidic AlCl 3 -[C 2 mim]Cl as the plasticizer. This electrolyte permits reversible aluminum deposition/stripping and is ideal for aluminum ion batteries.…”

Section: Energy Storage Devices Using Haloaluminate Rtilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, we review the progress in the area of electrochemical technology with Lewis acidic haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and AlBr 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and novel chloroaluminate mixtures consisting of AlCl 3 and polarizable molecules, e.g., dimethylsulfone and urea, during this decade. The number of researchers in the field seems to increase steadily, because now we can handle haloaluminate RTILs and their mixtures with other solvents and materials more easily than we could in the past. In this review, we have categorized the electrochemical technology based on these RTILs into two topics: electroplating and energy storage. In fact, much of the current research is based on work begun during the period from ∼1970 until the 1990's. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which is a name synonymous with room-temperature molten salts, have received considerable attention as novel reaction media, liquid materials, and starting materials for functional carbon material. (The name "ionic liquid" was arbitrarily chosen to represent what are actually salts that liquefy at temperatures below 373 K.) The interest in these materials stems from their favorable physicochemical properties, such as low-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, relatively high ionic conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is now common knowledge in the chemistry community that many RTILs are stable in air or even water. The "first generation ionic liquids" were difficult to handle because the typical anions known at that time, e.g., AlCl 4 − and Al 2 Cl 7 − , reacted strongly with moisture in the air. Only a very limited number of laboratories with special skills for handling them could effectively use these RTILs. No doubt, the flourishing interest in RTIL chemistry was heavily abetted by the discovery of air and water stable systems, i.e., the so-called "second generation ionic liquids".However, we should not devalue the first generation systems such as those based on quaternary organic halide salts and aluminum halides, e.g., AlBr 3 and AlCl 3 , known as haloaluminates. The reactivity of the haloaluminates as well as their adjustable Lewis acidity is precisely what makes them interesting and very versatile. By contrast, the second-generation "inert" ionic liquids, are just that: inert and nonreactive, both chemically and electrochemically. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the haloaluminates, which are important factors for the electrochemical applications described herein, exceed those for the comparable second-generation RTILs. For example, the ionic conductivity and viscosity for 60.0-40.0 mole percent (or 60 mol%) AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 mim]Cl) are 17.1 mS cm −1 and 15.35 mPa s, respectively, at 298 K.8 (In the interest of brevity, we will refer to the composition of these ionic liquids by simply stating only the amount of the aluminum halide.) On the other ...

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Section: Energy Storage Devices Using Haloaluminate Rtilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Storage Devices Using Haloaluminate Rtilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…However, room for improvement exists as the parameter space for the Al battery remains largely unexplored. The three-electron redox properties of aluminum allow a theoretical specific anode capacity of 2,980 mAh/g, so there is potential for much higher overall capacity (and specific energy) of the battery through the investigation of new cathode and electrolyte materials (10)(11)(12)(13). Furthermore, whereas the 97-98% CE of this battery is higher than those of most aqueous battery systems, there is still significant room for improvement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Coulombic efficiency aluminum-ion battery using an AlCl ₃ -urea ionic liquid analog electrolyte

Angell

Pan

Rong

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

336

285

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In recent years, impressive advances in harvesting renewable energy have led to a pressing demand for the complimentary energy storage technology. Here, a high Coulombic efficiency (∼99.7%) Al battery is developed using earth-abundant aluminum as the anode, graphite as the cathode, and a cheap ionic liquid analog electrolyte made from a mixture of AlCl 3 and urea in a 1.3:1 molar ratio. The battery displays discharge voltage plateaus around 1.9 and 1.5 V (average discharge = 1.73 V) and yielded a specific cathode capacity of ∼73 mAh g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 (∼1.4 C). High Coulombic efficiency over a range of charge-discharge rates and stability over ∼150-200 cycles was easily demonstrated. In situ Raman spectroscopy clearly showed chloroaluminate anion intercalation/deintercalation of graphite (positive electrode) during charge-discharge and suggested the formation of a stage 2 graphite intercalation compound when fully charged. + cations. This battery is a promising prospect for a future high-performance, low-cost energy storage device.aluminum-ion battery | urea electrolyte | ionicity | ionic liquid | energy storage C heap, high-rate (fast charge/discharge) rechargeable batteries with long cycle lives are urgently needed for grid-scale storage of renewable energy, as it is becoming increasingly important to replace fossil fuels (1). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are expensive and have limited cycle life, which makes them nonideal for grid-scale energy storage. Furthermore, high-rate capability is necessary for use in the grid, under which conditions LIBs become increasingly unsafe due to the flammability of the electrolytes used. Batteries based on aluminum offer a viable alternative due to aluminum's three-electron redox properties (offers potential for high-capacity batteries), stability in the metallic state, and very high natural abundance. Furthermore, the development of these batteries based on nonflammable electrolytes of low toxicity is critical for minimizing safety hazard and environmental impact. Recently, our group developed a secondary Al battery system based on the reversible deposition/stripping of aluminum at the Al negative electrode and reversible intercalation/deintercalation of chloroaluminate anions at the graphite positive electrode in a nonflammable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate (EMIC-AlCl 3 ) IL electrolyte (7,8). A ratio of AlCl 3 /EMIC = 1.3 by mole was used such that Al 2 Cl 7 − was present in the (acidic) electrolyte to facilitate aluminum deposition (9). During charging, Al 2 Cl 7 − is reduced to deposit aluminum metal, and AlCl 4 − ions intercalate (to maintain neutrality) in graphite as carbon is oxidized. During discharge, this battery exhibited a cathode specific capacity of ∼70 mAh g −1 with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 97-98%, and ultrahigh charge/discharge rate (up to 5,000 mA g −1 ) for over 7,000 cycles. However, room for improvement exists as the parameter space for the Al battery remains largely unexplored. The three-electron redox properti...

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“…[73] Therefore, the battery energy density of IL-graphite system is improved with the increasing mole ratio of AlCl 3 to [EMIM] Cl to the maximum theoretical capacity of 150 mAh g À 1 . [77] A new kind of polymer gel electrolyte containing acidic IL was fabricated via the directly polymerizing acrylamide in dichloromethane-[EMIM] ClÀ AlCl 3 . [73] The hygroscopicity of AlCl 3 -containing electrolytes is another issue that limited their practical applications.…”

Section: Electrolyte Anodes and Current Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Future Trends of Aluminum Batteries

Sun

Luo

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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As one of the most promising alternatives to next‐generation energy storage systems, aluminum batteries (ABs) have been attracting rapidly increasing attention over the past few years. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements of ABs based on both aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes, with a particular focus on rechargeable non‐aqueous ionic liquid‐based aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Progress of the current intensive investigation on the development of cathode materials and electrolytes in non‐aqueous AIBs are discussed. Then research efforts towards aqueous ABs are described to give readers a broader view of the aluminum battery family. Finally, the review summaries the key challenges underpinning ABs and provides future research perspectives on this growing field.

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Polymer gel electrolytes for application in aluminum deposition and rechargeable aluminum ion batteries

Cited by 117 publications

References 42 publications

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

High Coulombic efficiency aluminum-ion battery using an AlCl ₃ -urea ionic liquid analog electrolyte

Recent Progress and Future Trends of Aluminum Batteries

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Polymer gel electrolytes for application in aluminum deposition and rechargeable aluminum ion batteries

Cited by 117 publications

References 42 publications

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

High Coulombic efficiency aluminum-ion battery using an AlCl 3 -urea ionic liquid analog electrolyte

Recent Progress and Future Trends of Aluminum Batteries

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Product

Resources

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High Coulombic efficiency aluminum-ion battery using an AlCl ₃ -urea ionic liquid analog electrolyte