Polymer electrolytes based on modified natural rubber for use in rechargeable lithium batteries

Idris, Razali; Glasse, M. D.; Latham, R. J.; Linford, R. G.; Schlindwein, Walkiria

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00588-7

Cited by 95 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, it is expected that a higher reproducibility of lithium electrode in battery utilizing PMMA-based electrolyte [11]. To enhance the room temperature conductivity of electrolyte, various modifications have been proposed, such as incorporating inorganic oxide and ceramic filler, cross-linking, and blending with different polymers and plasticizers into conventional electrolyte systems [12][13][14]. Apart from improving ionic conductivity, it is also necessary to preserve the mechanical stability of electrode-electrolyte interface, which also acted as separator that insulates the positive electrode from the negative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of blended solid polymer electrolyte 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber:poly(methyl methacrylate)–lithium tetrafluoroborate

Su’ait

Noor

Ahmad

et al. 2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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The preparation and characterization of blended solid polymer electrolyte 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber (MG49):poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (30:70) were carried out. The effect of lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) concentration on the chemical interaction, structure, morphology, and room temperature conductivity of the electrolyte were investigated. The electrolyte samples with various weight percentages (wt. %) of LiBF 4 salt were prepared by solution casting technique and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Infrared analysis demonstrated that the interaction between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occurred at symmetrical stretching of carbonyl (C0O) (1,735 cm −1 ) and asymmetric deformation of (O-CH 3 ) (1,456 cm −1 ) via the formation of coordinate bond on MMA structure in MG49 and PMMA. The reduction of MMA peaks intensity at the diffraction angle, 2θ of 29.5°and 39.5°was due to the increase in weight percent of LiBF 4 . The complexation occurred between the salt and polymer host had been confirmed by the XRD analysis. The semi-crystalline phase of polymer host was found to reduce with the increase in salt content and confirmed by XRD analysis. Morphological studies by SEM showed that MG49 blended with PMMA was compatible. The addition of salt into the blend has changed the topological order of the polymer host from dark surface to brighter surface. The SEM analyses supported the enhancement of conductivity with the addition of salt. The conductivity increased drastically from 2.0 to 3.4 × 10 −5 S cm −1 with the addition of 25 wt.% of salt. The increase in the conductivity was due to the increasing of the number of charge carriers in the electrolyte. The conductivity obeys Arrhenius equation in higher temperature region from 333 to 373 K with the pre-exponential factor σ o of 1.21 × 10 −7 S cm −1 and the activation energy E a of 0.46 eV. The conductivity is not Arrhenian in lower temperature region from 303 to 323 K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of blended solid polymer electrolyte 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber:poly(methyl methacrylate)–lithium tetrafluoroborate

Su’ait

Noor

Ahmad

et al. 2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…Recently, rubber polymer electrolytes had drawn the attention of many researchers [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Modified natural rubber has attractive attributes; it is free standing, flexible and has good elasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of MG49-PMMA Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Ahmad¹,

Rahman

Su’ait³

et al. 2011

TOMSJ

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Abstract:The studies of rubber-polymer blends as solid polymer electrolyte for electrochemical devices application have been investigated. The electrolyte films were prepared by solution casting technique. The effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), salt concentration on chemical interaction, ionic conductivity, structure and morphology of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber (MG49) have been analyzed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Infrared analysis showed that the interaction between oxygen atoms and lithium ion occurred at ether (C-O-C) and carbonyl (C=O) group in the MMA host. The highest ionic conductivity for blended MG49-PMMA films is 8.3 10 -6 S cm -1 as compared to MG49 electrolyte with 9.6 10 -10 S cm -1 at 25 wt. % LiBF 4 . The structural analysis showed the reduction of MMA crystallinity phase at the highest conductivity for both systems. Meanwhile, morphological analysis shows that recrystallization of LiBF 4 salts have occurred in the electrolyte system after the optimum conductivity.

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“…Furthermore, modified NR gives excellent contact between an electrolytic layer and an electrode in batteries system and also can act as a polymeric solvent. It is expected to have a high ionic conductivity compared with glassy or crystalline state of polymer [2]. On the other hand, some of modified NR like epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber (MG) both have an oxygen atoms, which can act as electron donor atoms in the structure of the polymer host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic conductivity studies of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber-based solid polymer electrolytes

Su’ait

Ahmad

Rahman

2008

Ionics

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The potential of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber (MG49) as a solid polymer electrolyte film in rechargeable batteries system were explored. The flat, thin, and flexible films were prepared by solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity was investigated by alternating current impedance spectroscopy. The highest conductivity of 2.3 × 10 −7 Scm −1 was obtained at 20wt.% of LiBF 4 salts content, while 4.0 × 10 −8 Scm −1 was obtained at 15wt.% LiClO 4 salts loading. The observation on structure performed by X-ray diffraction shows the highest conductivity appears at amorphous phase.

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Polymer electrolytes based on modified natural rubber for use in rechargeable lithium batteries

Cited by 95 publications

References 16 publications

Preparation and characterization of blended solid polymer electrolyte 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber:poly(methyl methacrylate)–lithium tetrafluoroborate

Preparation and characterization of blended solid polymer electrolyte 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber:poly(methyl methacrylate)–lithium tetrafluoroborate

Study of MG49-PMMA Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Ionic conductivity studies of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber-based solid polymer electrolytes

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