Polymer electroluminescence in the near infra-red

Baigent, D.R.; Friend, Richard H.; Hamer, P.J.; Moratti, Stephen C.; Holmes, Andrew B.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(94)03208-n

Cited by 116 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[205][206][207] This property has been used in the fabrication of electroluminescent diodes in which electron injection could be ensured by stable metal electrodes. 19,20,208 Using a similar approach, a further reduction of the bandgap of poly (43) obtained by Knoevenagel condensation of 2-thiopheneacetonitrile with the appropriate thiophene-or furan-2-carboxaldehyde. 209 While the presence of a methyl group on the thiophene ring (50) has deleterious consequences for the electropolymerization, incorporation of furan into the structure (49) greatly improves the film-forming properties allowing deposition of free-standing films with a conductivity of 4.8 S cm -1 .…”

Section: Dithienylethylenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Principles for Bandgap Control in Linear π-Conjugated Systems

1997

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Section: Dithienylethylenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular thieno- (19), 128 and the corresponding electrogenerated polymers have all been investigated in recent years. [129][130][131][132] Contrary to theoretical expectations, these polymers show bandgaps slightly larger than PT.…”

Section: Fused Thiophenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Principles for Bandgap Control in Linear π-Conjugated Systems

1997

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“…Reports on IR emission from conjugated polymers are rare [14,15] due to a lack of materials. Therefore, the possibility of obtaining a light source working at telecommunications wavelengths and/or for medical treatment applications, together with the functionality of the same material for photovoltaic devices as demonstrated in this work is promising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Bandgap Semiconducting Polymer for Photovoltaic Devices and Infrared Emitting Diodes

Brabec

Winder²,

Sariciftci³

et al. 2002

Adv. Funct. Mater.

531

316

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A novel low‐bandgap conjugated polymer (PTPTB, Eg = ∼ 1.6 eV), consisting of alternating electron‐rich N‐dodecyl‐2,5‐bis(2′‐thienyl)pyrrole (TPT) and electron‐deficient 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (B) units, is introduced for thin‐film optoelectronic devices working in the near infrared (NIR). Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells from solid‐state composite films of PTPTB with the soluble fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an active layer shows promising power conversion efficiencies up to 1 % under AM1.5 illumination. Furthermore, electroluminescent devices (light‐emitting diodes) from thin films of pristine PTPTB show near infrared emission peaking at 800 nm with a turn on voltage below 4 V. The electroluminescence can be significantly enhanced by sensitization of this material with a wide bandgap material such as the poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative MDMO‐PPV.

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“…Replacement of a phenylene with an oligophenylene unit produces a blue-shift in the emission, e. g. the poly(pentaphenylene vinylene) 58 is a blue emitter (l max = 446 nm) [71], while heterocycles induce red-shifts. This is particularly marked in the case of thiophene so that the polymer 59 actually emits in the near-infrared (l max = 740 nm) [72]. The picture with fused polycyclic aromatics is more complicated with the 1,4-naphthalene 19 [73] and 9,10-anthracene 60 [74] polymers both being markedly red-shifted in emission compared with PPV (1), while the 2,6-napthalene 18 [75] and 3,6-phenanthrene 61 [58] materials are slightly blue-shifted.…”

Section: Effect Of the Aryl Group On The Emission From Pavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis of Electroluminescent Polymers

Grimsdale

2005

Organic Light Emitting Devices

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Since the discovery by Holmes, Friend and coworkers of electroluminescence from conjugated polymers [1], there has been considerable industrial and academic interest in electroluminescent polymers for use as the active materials in light-emitting devices (LEDs) [2,3] or polymer lasers [4]. Obviously if one is to make commercially viable devices then one needs materials that can produce the desired emission colors, with high emission intensity and efficiency, and show good stability. This presents a challenge to synthetic chemists to design and make polymers that meet these criteria. In particular the control of the emission color, of the charge-accepting and transporting properties, which are important for optimizing device efficiency, and of electrical and optical stability, which are vital factors in determining device lifetimes must be addressed. In this chapter an overview is presented of the main methods by which the most important types of electroluminescent polymers can be prepared with an emphasis on how synthetic design can contribute to the meeting of the above-mentioned device-performance criteria. Space does not permit a comprehensive review of all structures or methods, for which the reader is referred to existing reviews [2, 3], but instead representative structures and syntheses are shown. Poly(arylene vinylene)sPoly(arylene vinyene)s (PAVs) represent the most widely studied group of electroluminescent polymers. The parent compound poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV, 1, Fig. 6.1) [5] is insoluble and so must be processed as a precursor polymer but derivatives such as MEH-PPV (2) [6] with solubilizing alkyl, aryl, silyl, or alkoxy chains show good solubility in organic solvents and so can be readily processed by techniques such as spin casting. By appropriate choice of substituents 215

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Polymer electroluminescence in the near infra-red

Cited by 116 publications

References 10 publications

Synthetic Principles for Bandgap Control in Linear π-Conjugated Systems

Synthetic Principles for Bandgap Control in Linear π-Conjugated Systems

A Low-Bandgap Semiconducting Polymer for Photovoltaic Devices and Infrared Emitting Diodes

The Synthesis of Electroluminescent Polymers

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