Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants

Ilyas, R. A.; Sapuan, S. M.; Asyraf, M. R. M.; Dayana, D. A. Z. N.; Amelia, J. J. N.; Rani, Mohd Saiful Asmal; Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz; Nurazzi, Norizan Mohd; Alias, Aisyah Humaira; Sharma, Shubham; Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan; Rafidah, M.; Razman, Muhammad Rizal

doi:10.3390/polym13111701

Cited by 117 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Thus, they should be bacteria-retardant, flame-retardant, and moisture-retardant to enhance their life span. It was reported that for anti-bacterial treatment, Cu salt [ 4 ], Cl bleaching, and amino-aldehyde resins were used whereas for anti-flaming treatment, NH 4 salt [ 19 ], benzoxazines [ 20 ], halogen [ 21 ], and fluoro resin powder [ 22 ] were used. For water retardant treatment, PVC was used as it had no hydrogen bond [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rot-, Fire-, and Water-Retardant Treatments on Jute Fiber and Their Associated Thermoplastic Composites: A Study by FTIR

et al. 2021

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Natural renewable materials can play a big role in reducing the consumption of synthetic materials for environmental sustainability. Natural fiber-reinforced composites have attracted significant research and commercial importance due to their versatile characteristics and multi-dimensional applications. As the natural materials are easily rotten, flammable, and moisture absorbent, they require additional chemical modification for use in sustainable product development. In the present research, jute fibers were treated with rot-, fire-, and water-retardant chemicals and their corresponding polymer composites were fabricated using a compression molding technique. To identify the effects of the chemical treatments on the jute fiber and their polymeric composites, a Fourier transformed infrared radiation (FTIR) study was conducted and the results were analyzed. The presence of various chemicals in the post-treated fibers and the associated composites were identified through the FTIR analysis. The varying weight percentage of the chemicals used for treating the fibers affected the physio-mechanical properties of the fiber as well as their composites. From the FTIR analysis, it was concluded that crystallinity increased with the chemical concentration of the treatment which could be contributed to the improvement in their mechanical performance. This study provides valuable information for both academia and industry on the effect of various chemical treatments of the jute fiber for improved product development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rot-, Fire-, and Water-Retardant Treatments on Jute Fiber and Their Associated Thermoplastic Composites: A Study by FTIR

et al. 2021

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“…Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic decomposition of biopolymers tend to produce an innocuous, functionalized biomimetic co-product [ 358 , 359 , 360 ]. Within the framework of bioactive novel genetic materials in specific targeted drug delivery applications, in particular, biopolymeric materials place a considerable accent on science, as illustrated in the bibliometric mapping analysis in Figure 37 [ 361 , 362 , 363 , 364 , 365 , 366 , 367 , 368 ]. Utilization with biocompatible polymers minimizes a drug’s adverse effects and negative consequences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications

et al. 2021

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In the determination of the bioavailability of drugs administered orally, the drugs’ solubility and permeability play a crucial role. For absorption of drug molecules and production of a pharmacological response, solubility is an important parameter that defines the concentration of the drug in systemic circulation. It is a challenging task to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs that have poor water solubility. Most drug molecules are either poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous environments. Polymer nanocomposites are combinations of two or more different materials that possess unique characteristics and are fused together with sufficient energy in such a manner that the resultant material will have the best properties of both materials. These polymeric materials (biodegradable and other naturally bioactive polymers) are comprised of nanosized particles in a composition of other materials. A systematic search was carried out on Web of Science and SCOPUS using different keywords, and 485 records were found. After the screening and eligibility process, 88 journal articles were found to be eligible, and hence selected to be reviewed and analyzed. Biocompatible and biodegradable materials have emerged in the manufacture of therapeutic and pharmacologic devices, such as impermanent implantation and 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. Substantial effort has been made in the usage of bio-based polymers for potential pharmacologic and biomedical purposes, including targeted deliveries and drug carriers for regulated drug release. These implementations necessitate unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic, microbiological, metabolic, and degradation characteristics of the materials in order to provide prolific therapeutic treatments. As a result, a broadly diverse spectrum of natural or artificially synthesized polymers capable of enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolyzing, or enzyme decomposition are being explored for biomedical purposes. This summary examines the contemporary status of biodegradable naturally and synthetically derived polymers for biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, targeted drug discovery and delivery, implantation, and wound repair and healing. This review presents an insight into a number of the commonly used tissue engineering applications, including drug delivery carrier systems, demonstrated in the recent findings. Due to the inherent remarkable properties of biodegradable and bioactive polymers, such as their antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, certain materials have gained significant interest in recent years. These systems are also actively being researched to improve therapeutic activity and mitigate adverse consequences. In this article, we also present the main drug delivery systems reported in the literature and the main methods available to impregnate the polymeric scaffolds with drugs, their properties, and their respective benefits for tissue engineering.

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“…Conducting polymers also find applications in tissue engineering due to their stimulusresponsive property. The composites of these polymers act as substrates that promote cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation at the polymer-tissue interface [130,131,[145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158].…”

Section: Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graphene nanohybrid of these polymers is used as an electrode in synthesis of capacitors. These nanohybrid materials increase stability, flexibility, and capacity of capacitors [149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161]. The different properties of polymers like thermal stability, mechanical properties, conductivity, corrosion protection properties on steel and aluminium can be escalated to a firm extent by doping.…”

Section: Diabetic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications

et al. 2021

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Electrically-conducting polymers (CPs) were first developed as a revolutionary class of organic compounds that possess optical and electrical properties comparable to that of metals as well as inorganic semiconductors and display the commendable properties correlated with traditional polymers, like the ease of manufacture along with resilience in processing. Polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured to ensure excellent promising properties for anti-static (electrically conducting), anti-corrosion, actuators, sensors, shape memory alloys, biomedical, flexible electronics, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs, and adhesive applications with desired-appealing and cost-effective, functional surface coatings. The distinctive properties of nanocomposite materials involve significantly improved mechanical characteristics, barrier-properties, weight-reduction, and increased, long-lasting performance in terms of heat, wear, and scratch-resistant. Constraint in availability of power due to continuous depletion in the reservoirs of fossil fuels has affected the performance and functioning of electronic and energy storage appliances. For such reasons, efforts to modify the performance of such appliances are under way through blending design engineering with organic electronics. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, organic electronic materials are developed from conducting polymers (CPs), dyes and charge transfer complexes. However, the conductive polymers are perhaps more bio-compatible rather than conventional metals or semi-conductive materials. Such characteristics make it more fascinating for bio-engineering investigators to conduct research on polymers possessing antistatic properties for various applications. An extensive overview of different techniques of synthesis and the applications of polymer bio-nanocomposites in various fields of sensors, actuators, shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, optical limiting, electrical properties (batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs), corrosion-protection and biomedical application are well-summarized from the findings all across the world in more than 150 references, exclusively from the past four years. This paper also presents recent advancements in composites of rare-earth oxides based on conducting polymer composites. Across a variety of biological and medical applications, the fact that numerous tissues were receptive to electric fields and stimuli made CPs more enticing.

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Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants

Cited by 117 publications

References 126 publications

Effect of Rot-, Fire-, and Water-Retardant Treatments on Jute Fiber and Their Associated Thermoplastic Composites: A Study by FTIR

Effect of Rot-, Fire-, and Water-Retardant Treatments on Jute Fiber and Their Associated Thermoplastic Composites: A Study by FTIR

Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications

Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications

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