Polymer coated magnetite-based magnetorheological fluid and its potential clean procedure applications to oil production

Esmaeilnezhad, Ehsan; Choi, Hyoung Jin; Schaffie, Mahin; Gholizadeh, Mostafa; Ranjbar, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.004

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…MR effect is one of the key parameters for characterizing the performance of MREs. The change in the behaviors of the MR composite under the magnetic field is expressed by the absolute MR effect and the relative MR effect [ 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 ]. The absolute MR effect represents the difference between the shear modulus of the maximum value obtained under the magnetic field and the shear modulus (zero field modulus) when there is no magnetic field as given in Equation (2),

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Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications

et al. 2020

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Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers become one of the most powerful smart and advanced materials that can be tuned reversibly, finely, and quickly in terms of their mechanical and viscoelastic properties by an input magnetic field. They are composite materials in which magnetizable particles are dispersed in solid base elastomers. Their distinctive behaviors are relying on the type and size of dispersed magnetic particles, the type of elastomer matrix, and the type of non-magnetic fillers such as plasticizer, carbon black, and crosslink agent. With these controllable characteristics, they can be applied to various applications such as vibration absorber, isolator, magnetoresistor, and electromagnetic wave absorption. This review provides a summary of the fabrication, properties, and applications of MR elastomers made of various elastomeric materials.

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Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Magnetorheological (MR) suspensions in which magneto-responsive particles are dispersed in media such as silicone oil, mineral oil and hydrocarbons are field-responsive smart materials, demonstrating reversible transformation of their rheological properties in an external magnetic field [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Their rheological behaviors can be finely tuned by adjusting the strength of the external magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Magnetic Composite Particles of Fe3O4/Poly(o-anisidine) and Their Suspension Characteristics under Applied Magnetic Fields

Lee

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Fe3O4/poly(o-anisidine) (POA) magnetic composite nanoparticles with their core-shell structure were synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization technique and adopted as a magneto-responsive magnetorheological (MR) material. The chemical structure and morphology of core-shell nanoparticles were identified by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and elemental analyzer. Pycnometer and vibrating sample magnetometer showed that the magnetic saturation and density of the Fe3O4/POA particles were reduced by the POA shell coatings. The rheological properties of the MR suspension dispersed in a silicone oil at various magnetic field strengths were investigated using a rotating rheometer under a magnetic field. The resulting MR suspension showed a typical Newtonian fluid behavior in the absence of external stimuli. When an external magnetic field was applied, it formed a strong chain structure, acting like a solid with a yield stress. Further solid-like behaviors were observed from storage shear relaxation and viscoelastic tests. Finally, the Fe3O4/POA nanoparticles showed better dispersion stability than pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 50% improvement.

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“…FESEM photographs show spherically shaped Fe 3 O 4 well coated with citric acid, as confirmed by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy below. 96 , 110 The spherical morphology and the relatively narrow size distribution promote effective particle transport through the porous media 113 , 114 owing to the high mobility and ease of detachment of the NPs. 115 Figure 5 C shows the size distribution of the Fe 3 O 4 NPs based on TEM images, which suggests a particle size <80 nm with a size peaking ∼40 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformance Control in Oil Reservoirs by Citric Acid-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Reservoir conformance control methods may significantly improve enhanced oil recovery technologies through reduced water production and profile correction. Excessive water production in oil and gas reservoirs leads to severe problems. Water shutoff and conformance control are, therefore, financially and environmentally advantageous for the petroleum industry. In this paper, water shutoff performance of citric acid-coated magnetite (CACM) and hematite nanoparticles (NPs) as well as polyacrylamide polymer solution in a heterogeneous and homogeneous two-dimensional micromodel is compared. A facile one-step technique is used to synthesize the CACM NPs. The NPs, which are reusable, easily prepared, and environmentally friendly, are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. The results confirm uniform spherical Fe 3 O 4 NPs of an average diameter of 40 nm, well coated with citric acid. CACM NPs provide a high pressure drop coupled with an acceptable resistance factor and residual resistance factor owing to NP arrangement into a solid-/gel-like structure in the presence of a magnetic field. A resistance factor and a residual resistance factor of 3.5 and 2.14, respectively, were achieved for heavy oil and the heterogeneous micromodel. This structure contributed to an appreciable plugging efficiency. CACM NPs respond to ∼1000 G of magnetic field intensity and display a constant resistance factor at intensities between 4500 and 6000 G. CACM NPs act as a gel, forming a solid-/gel-like structure, which moves toward the magnetic field and thereby shuts off the produced water and increases the oil fraction. The findings of this study suggest the ability to shut off water production using specially designed magnetic field-responsive smart fluids. The application would require innovative design of field equipment.

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Polymer coated magnetite-based magnetorheological fluid and its potential clean procedure applications to oil production

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications

Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications

Polymer-Magnetic Composite Particles of Fe3O4/Poly(o-anisidine) and Their Suspension Characteristics under Applied Magnetic Fields

Conformance Control in Oil Reservoirs by Citric Acid-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles

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