Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes

A Solid-State, Rechargeable, Long Cycle Life Lithium–Air Battery

“…The details on the development of the PC membranes can be found elsewhere. 12,14,15 The PC membranes reduced the impedance of the cell, enhanced the charge transfer ͑Li 0 → Li + + e − ͒ at the anode, and electrochemically coupled the cathode to the GC membrane. It was also determined that Al foil covered the lithium surface effectively, protected the lithium, and provided stable cell impedance.…”

“…The conductivities of both the GC and PC membranes were extensively characterized, and the data have been reported in prior publications. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The cathode was prepared using nickel mesh or foam, carbon black ͑acetylene 50% compressed͒, Teflon ͑TE-3859͒, and GC powder. Nickel foam was used with an intent to achieve further enhancement in cell capacity.…”

Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

“…Much effort has been exerted to improve the surface uniformity of SEI layers and to form electrochemically stable SEI layers. Several approaches have been pursued to improve the rechargeability and reliability of the metallic lithium electrode: i) the use of liquid or polymer electrolytes that are less reactive toward lithium electrodes; [71][72][73][74][75][76][77] ii) the protection of lithium electrodes by adding surface active agents such as hydrocarbons and quarternary ammonium salts; [ 78 , 79 ] iii) the formation of Li 2 CO 3 , LiF, LiOH, or polysulfi de by using CO 2 , [ 74 , 80-86 ] HF, [87][88][89][90] water trace, [ 74 , 81 , 91 ] and S x 2 − ; [ 80 , 92 ] iv) the formation of a stable metal alloy (LiI) by incorporating SnI 2 or AlI 3 ; [ 93 ] v) the use of surfactants such as non-ionic polyether compounds; [ 94 ] vi) uniform lithium deposition by means of pressure and temperature; [ 70 , 95 , 96 ] vii) the removal of impurities from the interface of lithium metal and electrolyte with an inorganic fi ller such as silica, alumina, zeolite, or titanate, [97][98][99][100][101][102] viii) the suppression of lithium dendrites by the formation of an ultra-thin polymer electrolyte layer based on plasma polymerization or UV irradiation polymerization. [103][104][105][106][107] The formation of a stable SEI layer on the lithium metal surface can be promoted by adding agents such as CO 2 , HF, or S x 2 − , and, thus, the dendritic lithium formation can be greatly suppressed.…”

“…[97][98][99][100][101][102] Another approach for the build-up of a desirable SEI layer has been to form an ultra-thin plasma polymer layer on the lithium anode surface. [ 103 ] The surface of the lithium electrodes was covered with an ultra-thin and uniform solid polymer electrolyte layer that was prepared via plasma polymerization of 1,1-difl uoroethene.…”

Nanofiber Reinforced Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

“…Enhancement in ionic conductivity can also be attributed to the creation of polymer-filler interface. The filler-polymer interface is a site of high defect concentration providing channels for faster ionic transport (Kumar & Scanlon, 1994) and the structure and chemistry of filler-polymer interface may have even more important role than the formation of amorphous phase in the electrolyte. On the other hand, the decrease in ionic conductivity for concentration of nanofibers higher than 15 wt.…”