Polymer Brushes with Nanometer‐Scale Gradients

Schuh, Christian; Santer, Svetlana; Prucker, Oswald; Rühe, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/adma.200901515

Cited by 59 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…36 They exploited the smooth continuous gradient of exposure available in an interferometer to yield a well-defined gradient of brush grafting density. They utilized a photoinitiator to polymerize acrylamide, while we have employed a halogen initiator for ATRP.…”

Section: E Nanofabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38,39 Schuh et al fabricated gradients, consisting of a continuously varying density of brushes, by using an interferometer to degrade a photoinitiator-functionalized surface. 36 In the present work, we explore a rapid simple approach to brush patterning based on the dehalogenation of a bromoor chlorofunctionalized surface. Previously it has been reported that benzyl chloride terminated siloxane films may be dehalogenated by exposure to UV light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Photolithography 33,34 or micromolding 35 may be used to deposit initiator in patterns at the micrometer scale, and brushes subsequently grown, while photobleaching may be used to selectively deactivate photoinitiators for surface-induced polymerization. 36,37 At smaller length scales, dip-pen nanolithography has been used in an analogous fashion to deposit initiators in patterns from which poly͑N-isopropylacrylamide͒ ͑NIPAAM͒ brushes have been grown. 38,39 Schuh et al fabricated gradients, consisting of a continuously varying density of brushes, by using an interferometer to degrade a photoinitiator-functionalized surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro- and Nanostructured Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] Brushes Grown From Photopatterned Halogen Initiators by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

et al. 2011

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Photolithographic techniques have been used to fabricate polymer brush micro- and nanostructures. On exposure to UV light with a wavelength of 244 nm, halogens were selectively removed from films of chloromethylphenyltrichlorosilane and 3-(2-bromoisobutyramido)propyl-triethoxysilane on silicon dioxide. Patterning was achieved at the micrometer scale, by using a mask in conjunction with the incident laser beam, and at the nanometer scale, by utilizing interferometric lithography (IL). Friction force microscopy images of patterned surfaces exhibited frictional contrast due to removal of the halogen but no topographical contrast. In both cases the halogenated surface was used as an initiator for surface atom-transfer radical polymerization. Patterning of the surface by UV lithography enabled the definition of patterns of initiator from which micro- and nanostructured poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] bottle brushes were grown. Micropatterned brushes formed on both surfaces exhibited excellent resistance to protein adsorption, enabling the formation of protein patterns. Using IL, brush structures were formed that covered macroscopic areas (approximately 0.5 cm2) but exhibited a full width at half maximum height as small as 78 nm, with a period of 225 nm. Spatially selective photolytic removal of halogens that are immobilized on a surface thus appears to be a simple, rapid, and versatile method for the formation of micro- and nanostructured polymer brushes and for the control of protein adsorption.

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Section: E Nanofabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro- and Nanostructured Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] Brushes Grown From Photopatterned Halogen Initiators by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

et al. 2011

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“…77 This technique was proved useful for the quantification of surface forces for various soft matter systems. 55,78,79 The colloidal particle attached to the tip was a silica sphere with a radius of 500 nm. Typical raw data showing the approach section of deflection vs piezo-extension curves for the PNIPAM grafts are shown in Figure 3.8.…”

Section: Afm Force Measurements On Mb Pnipam Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…due to the precise control of physical and chemical surface properties, and so on. 79 Nanopatterned polymer grafts with defined features become especially interesting when the pattern dimensions are close to the length of the grafted macromolecules. [80][81][82] AFM-based techniques, such as nanoscratching, 83,84 dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) [85][86][87] and scanning probe oxidation (SPO) [88][89][90] offer versatile patterning techniques across the length scales.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%