Polymer Based Composites in Marine Use: History and Future Trends

Neşer, Gökdeniz

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.111

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, owing to their combination of high mechanical performance and marine environmental resistance, GFRPs have been used in a large variety of naval applications. Some examples of the use of GFRPs in the naval field include ships, blast bulkheads, boat hulls, air ducts, decks, propellers, and advanced mast systems, among others . In particular, these composites are also attracting much interest for their use as structural components for renewable marine energy applications such as tidal turbine blades .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐velocity impact behavior of glass fiber‐MWCNT/polymer laminates exposed to seawater and distilled water aging

et al. 2020

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The influence of seawater (SW) and distilled water (DW) aging on low‐velocity impact behavior of glass fiber/polymer laminates with and without multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is experimentally investigated. To this aim, unidirectional glass fiber fabrics were coated with 0.75 wt% MWCNTs by airbrushing, infused with resin (epoxy or vinylester), and cured. Then, composite laminates with and without MWCNTs were cut into specimens for low‐velocity impact testing and exposed to hydrothermal aging by immersing them to SW and DW at 60°C for ~2000 h. After that time of conditioning, dry and wet specimens were tested using a drop‐weight tower with an impact energy of 15 J. Results showed that the moisture absorption content of composite laminates exposed to SW and DW aging is considerably higher on epoxy‐based specimens with respect to vinylester ones. The impact tests revealed that the measured impact peak force and absorbed energy in wet specimens are significantly lower compared to dry specimens due to plasticizing effect of the matrix. With the incorporation of MWCNTs into the laminates, the absorbed energy is increased due to additional damage mechanisms induced at CNT‐rich regions during the impact loading. It was also found that the damage area of the laminates after impact tends to be more prominent for laminates fabricated using vinylester resin than for those using epoxy resin as a result of its brittle behavior during impact loading. Post impact damage analyses by ultrasonic C‐scan imaging and scanning electron microscopy showed that matrix cracking, fiber breakage, fiber/matrix debonding, and delamination are the main damage mechanisms induced in the dry and wet specimens during impact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐velocity impact behavior of glass fiber‐MWCNT/polymer laminates exposed to seawater and distilled water aging

et al. 2020

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“…Important applications of UPEs can be found in automotive, electric and electronic sectors as well as in military products, furniture, sport, leisure, domestic and sanitary appliances [6,7]. UPEs have recently been used in bridge construction and general infrastructure repairs, as well as for railways, wagon system manufacturing, and in some naval structural elements such as bulkheads, decks, masts and propellers [8]. The two main advantages of UPEs are their very good structural properties and their low cost [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Profile and Technological Validation of New High-Tg Unsaturated Polyesters from Fully Bio-Based Monomers and Reactive Diluents

2020

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This study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of a fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with good thermal properties suitable for the commercial production of composite polymers. UPRs based on different ratios of bio-based furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), itaconic acid, and diols were synthesized. The unsaturated polymers prepared were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed positive effects of FDCA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these fully bio-based polyesters, especially when FDCA was combined with 1,2-propanediol. Optimal values of Tg were obtained in the range of 30–32 °C for UPRs synthesized starting with a higher concentration of FDCA in the monomer feed. The possibility of substituting styrene, which usually acts as a reactive diluent, with a greener and safer alternative during the crosslinking of UPRs, was also explored. Two bio-based reactive diluents were considered: dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and butanediol dimethacrylate. After crosslinking, an average Tg of 75 °C and a good crosslinking efficiency indicated by a gel content of 90% were achieved for the fully bio-based polyester obtained under milder reaction conditions and dilution with DMI. Life cycle assessment was performed on selected UPRs, and comparison with a reference fossil-based resin in terms of the calculated category indicator results confirmed the lower environmental impact of the newly prepared bio-based polyesters.

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“…In addition, shipbuilding is a relatively conservative industry field not prone to quick adaptation of new technologies and materials applications. However, the presence of composites in the shipbuilding is steadily increasing and even dominating as construction materials for small crafts (< 50 m) in the new millennium [11]. The need for updated and more encompassing regulations regarding acceptance of composite materials as a worthy material in general, as well as maritime applications is evident [12].…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and Damage of Composite Materials in Marine Environment

Vizentin

Vukelić

2020

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IIn spite the fact that composite materials have been in use in the maritime sector for over a half of century, classification societies regulations tend to limit the usage of composites at the larger scale. One of the reasons for such strict class rules is a lack of comprehensive analytical and numerical models representing the behaviour of composites in the sea environment. Understanding the process of degradation and damage of composite materials assisted by sea environment a crucial step in building such a model. This paper aims to give a critical review of the research advancements in assessments of the sea environment influence on the degradation of mechanical properties of composites with a special emphasis on developed models of processes containing water and moisture entering composite inner structure. The list of major references in the last five years is given and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Polymer Based Composites in Marine Use: History and Future Trends

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

Low‐velocity impact behavior of glass fiber‐MWCNT/polymer laminates exposed to seawater and distilled water aging

Low‐velocity impact behavior of glass fiber‐MWCNT/polymer laminates exposed to seawater and distilled water aging

Environmental Profile and Technological Validation of New High-Tg Unsaturated Polyesters from Fully Bio-Based Monomers and Reactive Diluents

Degradation and Damage of Composite Materials in Marine Environment

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