Polymer and Waste Plastic in Membranes

Maiti, Abhijit; Pandey, Aaditya

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820352-1.00157-7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Using a stoichiometric combination of NaOH and K 2 SO 4 , instead of KOH, offered several benefits. 42 This alternative combination had the potential to reduce raw material costs, maintain reaction efficiency, and ensure final PC quality, all of which impacted the overall process performance. To optimize the impregnation ratio, various combinations of NaOH and K 2 SO 4 were experimented with at a constant temperature of 800 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of activation temperature was by prior thermogravimetric analysis of the precursor material reported in previous research. 20,41,42 Following activation, a water bath was positioned immediately after the chamber to vent any generated vapor. The activation chamber was naturally cooled to ambient conditions with a continuous flow of N 2 gas throughout the cooling process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

Kumar,

Bhalani,

Andharia

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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With the aim to capture CO 2 from flue gas, porous carbon was derived from abundantly available, nonfodder crop residue�cotton stalk via thermochemical methodology. The precursor was treated with a new combination of chemical activating agents (NaOH and K 2 SO 4 ) in stoichiometric proportions and converted to porous carbon via a single-step activation. The transition to using this combination in place of the conventional KOH activation in the production of porous carbon offers an attractive industrial opportunity, due to the substantial drop in the cost of manufacturing. Extensive characterizations were performed on the derived carbon, which included XRD, XPS, Raman spectra, SEM, and TEM. Nitrogen adsorption−desorption isotherm analysis at 77 K revealed BET-specific surface areas of 1797 m 2 /g, along with CO 2 uptake capacities of 4.77, 2.49, and 1.71 mmol/g at 273, 298, and 313 K, respectively. Furthermore, the breakthrough curve of CO 2 adsorption in a fixed-bed column was studied at different flow rates and temperatures using the flue gas (11 ± 0.2% CO 2 and 89 ± 0.2% N 2 ) to analyze the equilibrium CO 2 capacity of the porous adsorbent in dynamic conditions. As proof of the concept, the porous carbon was packed in a column cartridge and the adsorption of CO 2 from flue gas emanating from a pilot-scale diesel-fired boiler was studied. This demonstrated that carbon cartridges can efficiently and practically remove CO 2 from flue gas, especially in small-scale industrial applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

Kumar,

Bhalani,

Andharia

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…All the materials probed are weakly hydrophilic (see supplementary material section 4) and an epitaxial water layer is expected (also assumed in the calculations). This is a common feature for some of the most wide spread 2D materials based on graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides [126], as well as for a wide range of technologically relevant polymers with applications, for example, in drug delivery [127], wastewater treatment [128] and thermally insulating foams [129]. The calculations were therefore conducted under the same assumptions as before.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous quantification of Young’s modulus and dispersion forces with nanoscale spatial resolution

Cafolla,

Voïtchovsky,

Payam

2023

Nanotechnology

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Many advances in polymers and layered materials rely on a precise understanding of the local interactions between adjacent molecular or atomic layers. Quantifying dispersion forces at the nanoscale is particularly challenging with existing methods often time consuming, destructive, relying on surface averaging or requiring bespoke equipment. Here, we present a non-invasive method able to quantify the local mechanical and dispersion properties of a given sample with nanometer lateral precision. The method, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), uses the frequency shift of a vibrating AFM cantilever in combination with established contact mechanics models to simultaneously derive the Hamaker constant and the effective Young’s modulus at a given sample location. The derived Hamaker constant and Young’s modulus represent an average over a small (typically <100) molecules or atoms. The oscillation amplitude of the vibrating AFM probe is used to select the length-scale of the features to analyse, with small vibrations able to resolve the contribution of sub-nanometric defects and large ones exploring effectively homogeneous areas. The accuracy of the method is validated on a range of 2D materials in air and water as well as polymer thin films. We also provide the first experimental measurements of the Hamaker constant of HBN, MoT2, WSe2 and polymer films, verifying theoreticalpredictions and computer simulations. The simplicity and robustness of the method, implemented with a commercial AFM, may support a broad range of technological applications in the growing field of polymers and nanostructured materials where a fine control of the van der Waals interactions is crucial to tune their properties.

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“…When plastic waste is transformed into these new products, there are many essential factors that need to be considered, as the addition of plastic waste can affect the performance of the composite materials produced [238]. In particular, the scientific community has focused on suggesting alternatives for the inclusion of plastic waste in various sectors, such as construction materials [238][239][240][241][242], ultrafiltration membranes for water treatment [243][244][245], 3D printing [246][247][248][249], components in asphalt [250][251][252][253], wallpaper [254], and the agricultural sector [255], among others, as shown in Figure 3. Plastic waste can also be recycled and used to make composite materials.…”

Section: Accumulation Of Plastic Waste In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

et al. 2021

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Plastics are ubiquitous in our society and are used in many industries, such as packaging, electronics, the automotive industry, and medical and health sectors, and plastic waste is among the types of waste of higher environmental concern. The increase in the amount of plastic waste produced daily has increased environmental problems, such as pollution by micro-plastics, contamination of the food chain, biodiversity degradation and economic losses. The selective and efficient conversion of plastic waste for applications in environmental remediation, such as by obtaining composites, is a strategy of the scientific community for the recovery of plastic waste. The development of polymeric supports for efficient, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for the treatment of organic/inorganic contaminants is highly desirable yet still a great challenge; this will be the main focus of this work. Common commercial polymers, like polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene therephthalate, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are addressed herein, as are their main physicochemical properties, such as molecular mass, degree of crystallinity and others. Additionally, we discuss the environmental and health risks of plastic debris and the main recycling technologies as well as their issues and environmental impact. The use of nanomaterials raises concerns about toxicity and reinforces the need to apply supports; this means that the recycling of plastics in this way may tackle two issues. Finally, we dissert about the advances in turning plastic waste into support for nanocatalysts for environmental remediation, mainly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.

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Polymer and Waste Plastic in Membranes

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

CO₂ Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

CO₂ Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

Simultaneous quantification of Young’s modulus and dispersion forces with nanoscale spatial resolution

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

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Polymer and Waste Plastic in Membranes

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

CO2 Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

CO2 Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

Simultaneous quantification of Young’s modulus and dispersion forces with nanoscale spatial resolution

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CO₂ Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process

CO₂ Capture from Flue Gas on a Pilot Scale Using Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Crop Residues through an Industrially Viable Activation Process