Polymer additives

Marturano, Valentina; Cerruti, Pierfrancesco; Ambrogi, Veronica

doi:10.1515/psr-2016-0130

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The photostabilization of polymers has received much attention recently, in order to find efficient methods to inhibit their photochemical degradation. Additives are added to polymers to improve their performance and mechanical and thermal properties [ 41 ]. The additives act as stabilizers, fillers, plasticizers, softeners, lubricants, colorants, flame retardants, blowing agents, crosslinking agents, and UV absorbers.…”

Section: Photostabilization Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

et al. 2021

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The photooxidative degradation process of plastics caused by ultraviolet irradiation leads to bond breaking, crosslinking, the elimination of volatiles, formation of free radicals, and decreases in weight and molecular weight. Photodegradation deteriorates both the mechanical and physical properties of plastics and affects their predicted life use, in particular for applications in harsh environments. Plastics have many benefits, while on the other hand, they have numerous disadvantages, such as photodegradation and photooxidation in harsh environments and the release of toxic substances due to the leaching of some components, which have a negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, attention is paid to the design and use of safe, plastic, ultraviolet stabilizers that do not pose a danger to the environment if released. Plastic ultraviolet photostabilizers act as efficient light screeners (absorbers or pigments), excited-state deactivators (quenchers), hydroperoxide decomposers, and radical scavengers. Ultraviolet absorbers are cheap to produce, can be used in low concentrations, mix well with polymers to produce a homogenous matrix, and do not alter the color of polymers. Recently, polyphosphates, Schiff bases, and organometallic complexes were synthesized and used as potential ultraviolet absorbers for polymeric materials. They reduced the damage caused by accelerated and natural ultraviolet aging, which was confirmed by inspecting the surface morphology of irradiated polymeric films. For example, atomic force microscopy revealed that the roughness factor of polymers’ irradiated surfaces was improved significantly in the presence of ultraviolet absorbers. In addition, the investigation of the surface of irradiated polymers using scanning electron microscopy showed a high degree of homogeneity and the appearance of pores that were different in size and shape. The current work surveys for the first time the use of newly synthesized, ultraviolet absorbers as additives to enhance the photostability of polymeric materials and, in particular, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, based mainly on our own recent work in the field.

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Section: Photostabilization Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

et al. 2021

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“…A plasticizer is a compound that added to a material makes it milder and more stretchy and flexible, increases its elasticity, reduces viscosity, or reduces friction during manufacturing [37]. Plasticizers are often added to polymers like plastics and rubber, either to make the raw material easier to handle during fabrication or to fulfill the needs of the end product use [38]. Plasticizers have a considerable influence on the behavior of ion-selective electrodes (ISE).…”

Section: Influence Of Plasticizer On the Characteristics Of Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride in AVELOX pharmacological formulations using modified potentiometer sensors

Kumar

Sindhu

Kumar

et al. 2021

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Three different carbon paste (CP), silk-screen (SP) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) modified electrodes were obtained to verify the reliability of AVELOX, the generic name of which is Moxifloxacin HCl (AV-MOXH). The sensing membranes were containing AVELOX ion associated complexes with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), phosphotungstic acid (PTA), and ammonium reineckate (RN) as electroactive materials. All three electrodes gave fast, viable, and near-Nernstian linear responses over a relative wide concentration range that ranged from 1.010-6 to 1.010-2 mol / L AV-MOXH at 25° C with a monovalent cationic decrease. The sensors demonstrated a good discernment of AV-MOXH from numerous inorganic and organic compounds such as glucose, sucrose, Na+, Ca+, etc. Additionally, the isothermal coefficients along with selectivity coefficients were calculated. The modified Screen Printed Electrode sensor appeared to be highly sensitive for the determination of AV-MOXH. The electrode response was observed in pH range 2--6 for ISPE electrodes and IPVC electrodes and 3--7 for ICPE electrodes under various temperature conditions. The short response time, lifetime validity, recovery, and all the methods of validation such as limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated. The potentiometric method turned out to be suitable for determining AV-MOXH in pharmacological formulations, and the findings obtained are comparable to the “HPLC official method” in terms of the agreement. As a result, the postulated potentiometric approach was verified in accordance with IUPAC guidelines.

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“…The incorporation of additives to polymers has become a hot research topic and has attracted attention from the researchers' community [1]. Such process improves the physical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polymers along with their performance in outdoor applications [2]. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a very common thermoplastic and contributed to ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The form of the additive mainly depends on the synthetic procedure used. Few additives can be used in the liquid form, but such process cannot be employed at high temperature to ensure homogeneity of the mixture [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the health risk associated with phthalates hinder their use, particularly in medical applications [13]. Another class of PVC additives are flame retardants, which tend to reduce the formation of volatiles upon the exposure of polymers to sources of oxygen and heat [2]. Small volatile residues are produced because of the scission of PVC chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Process for the Synthesis and Use of Highly Aromatic Organosilanes as Additives for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films

et al. 2021

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Three organosilanes were synthesized in good yields from the condensation of 4,4′,4″-((phenylsilanetriyl)tris(oxy))tribenzaldehyde and 4-substituted anilines under acidic conditions. The structure of the organosilanes was confirmed using a variety of techniques. Organosilanes were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and homogenous films were produced. The effect of long-term irradiation on the films containing organosilanes was tested using various methods. Monitoring the infrared spectra of PVC films before, during and after irradiation processes showed the formation of side products comprising polyene, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The intensities of absorption bands due to these functional groups were much lower in the presence of organosilanes as compared to the blank film. Also, the decrease in the weight and molecular weight of PVC films after irradiation was lower in the presence of organosilanes. Additionally, there was a minimal surface change of irradiated PVC in the presence of organosilanes. Clearly, organosilanes act as inhibitors, particularly the one containing the hydroxyl group, for the photodegradation of PVC. Different mechanisms were proposed to speculate the role played by organosilanes in stabilizing PVC against long-term ultraviolet light exposure.

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Polymer additives

Cited by 59 publications

References 58 publications

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

Determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride in AVELOX pharmacological formulations using modified potentiometer sensors

A Process for the Synthesis and Use of Highly Aromatic Organosilanes as Additives for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films

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