Polylactic acid (PLA) synthesis and modifications: a review

Cheng, Yanling; Deng, Shuai; Chen, Paul; Ruan, Roger

doi:10.1007/s11458-009-0092-x

Cited by 253 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…PLA can also be tailored by formulation involving co-polymerization of the lactide with other lactone-type monomers, hydrophilic macromonomers (PEG), other monomers with functional groups (such as amino and carboxylic groups), or blending PLA with other materials [6,40]. Blending can radically alter the resultant properties, which depend sensitively on the mechanical properties of the components as well as the blend microstructure and the interface between the phases [41].…”

Section: Properties Of Lactic Acid-based Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review

Farah

Anderson

Langer

2016

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

2,252

1,486

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Available online xxxxPoly(lactic acid) (PLA), so far, is the most extensively researched and utilized biodegradable aliphatic polyester in human history. Due to its merits, PLA is a leading biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine as well as in industry replacing conventional petrochemical-based polymers. The main purpose of this review is to elaborate the mechanical and physical properties that affect its stability, processability, degradation, PLA-other polymers immiscibility, aging and recyclability, and therefore its potential suitability to fulfill specific application requirements. This review also summarizes variations in these properties during PLA processing (i.e. thermal degradation and recyclability), biodegradation, packaging and sterilization, and aging (i.e. weathering and hygrothermal). In addition, we discuss up-to-date strategies for PLA properties improvements including components and plasticizer blending, nucleation agent addition, and PLA modifications and nanoformulations. Incorporating better understanding of the role of these properties with available improvement strategies is the key for successful utilization of PLA and its copolymers/composites/blends to maximize their fit with worldwide application needs.© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirectAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews

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Section: Properties Of Lactic Acid-based Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diversification of PLA applications is such that a single polymer may prove useful in many applications by simple modifications of its physical-chemical structure. In many cases the PLA can be blended or copolymerized with other polymeric or non-polymeric components to achieve the desired behavior [16,40].…”

Section: Medical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review

Farah

Anderson

Langer

2016

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

2,252

1,486

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results showed that high molecular weights of 90 kDa could be obtained at 200°C after ~90 h under vacuum condition ( Figure 3). In addition, the Mitsui Toatsu chemical company used organic solvents with a high boiling point to prepare poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA) by direct solution PC, in which the lactic acid, catalysts, and solvents were mixed in a reactor so as to produce high molecular weights of approximately 300 kDa [12]. On the other hand, ring-opening polymerization (ROP), which occurred by ring opening of the lactide (cyclic dimmer of lactic acid) in the presence of a catalyst, was the most commonly used method to obtain high molecular weight PLA [13].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Polylactic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and medical applications of polylactic acid: A review

Hamad¹,

Kaseem²,

Yang

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

574

306

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Abstract. Polylactic acid (PLA), one of the well-known biodegradable polyesters, has been studied extensively for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, and it was also used widely in human medicine. A new method to synthesize PLA (ring-opening polymerization), which allowed the economical production of a high molecular weight PLA polymer, broadened its applications, and this processing would be a potential substitute for petroleum-based products. This review described the principles of the polymerization reactions of PLA and, then, outlined the various materials properties affecting the performance of PLA polymer, such as rheological, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties as well as the processing technologies which were used to fabricate products based on PLA. In addition, the biodegradation processes of products which were shaped from PLA were discussed and reviewed. The potential applications of PLA in the medical fields, such as tissue engineering, wound management, drugs delivery, and orthopedic devices, were also highlighted.

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“…This method can make polymerization process properly adjusted [39]. There are still many problems to be solved both in terms of research and production, but the LA-polymerase working in place of metal catalyst can perform biosynthesis of PLA.…”

Section: Enzymatic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Synthesis and Synthetic Mechanism of Poly (Lactic acid)

Lee

Hong²

2014

Mod Chem Appl

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Poly(lactic acid) is the biodegradable aliphatic polyester produced in small quantity and in large quantities industrially and used very variously. Because of its good mechanical property and reconcilability with environment, it is one of the polymers most appropriate to replace non-biodegradable synthetic polymers based on crude oil. PLA can be made from lactic acid with different polymerizations such as polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, and direct polymerizations by azeotropic dehydration or the enzymatic polymerization. The direct polymerization and the ring-opening polymerization are the most used techniques. This paper reviewed methods of making PLA such as oligomer polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization and mainly mechanism of ring-opening polymerization with 4 areas: metal catalyst, organic catalyst, cationic catalyst and stereo-controlled polymerization.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) synthesis and modifications: a review

Cited by 253 publications

References 29 publications

Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review

Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review

Properties and medical applications of polylactic acid: A review

An Overview of the Synthesis and Synthetic Mechanism of Poly (Lactic acid)

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