Polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering

Mohammadi, Maziar Shah; Bureau, Martin; Nazhat, Showan N.

doi:10.1533/9780857097033.2.313

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has attracted considerable attention as an alternative material for biomedical applications (e.g., surgical sutures, artificial skin, drug delivery materials, scaffolds, packaging, and tissue engineering) because PLA is renewable, processable, energy-saving, biodegradable, and biocompatible [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Tissue engineering relies on material properties and cell transportation to repair and regenerate bond defects [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Co-Continuous Porous Structure of PLA/PVA Blends by Phase Separation

et al. 2020

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Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was blended with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the composition of 70/30 (L7V3), 60/40 (L6V4), and 50/50 (L5V5) wt.%. L7V3 exhibits a sea–island morphology, while L6V4 and L5V5 show co-continuous phase morphologies. These polymers exhibited a solitary glass transition temperature, which obeyed the Fox equation. Thereafter, the blends were made porous by an etching process in hot water (35 °C) for 0–7 days, to remove PVA. The maximum etched PVA content of L7V3, L6V4, and L5V5 was 0.5%, 13.4%, and 36.1%, respectively; hence, L5V5 exhibited a co-continuous porous morphology with the porosity of 43.4%, the degree of swelling of 47.5%, and the pore size of 2 µm. The degree of crystallinity of PLA, exposed PLA, and L7V3 showed an insignificant change. L5V5, having the highest porosity, demonstrated the highest increase in the degree of crystallinity of approximately two times, because water induced the crystallization of PLA. The high porosity of L5V5 exhibited an excellent absorption property by increasing absorption energy more than two times, as obtained by micro indention. It had the maximum indentation depth more than 250 µm. Flexural and tensile properties considerably decreased with an increase in the porosity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Co-Continuous Porous Structure of PLA/PVA Blends by Phase Separation

et al. 2020

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“…Several biopolymers from natural and synthetic origins, with special attention to polyesters, have been widely investigated towards their potential for biomedical applications, more specifically in tissue engineering [11]. A few examples of synthetic polyesters often utilized for 3D scaffolds preparation include poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [12], polylactic acid (PLA) [13], polyglycolic acid (PGA) [14], and more recently poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which was used as the starting material in the present work [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of low contents of superhydrophilic MWCNT on the properties and cell viability of electrospun poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) fibers

Rodrigues

Silva

Melo

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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The use of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in tissue engineering, more specifically in bone regeneration, has been underexplored to date due to its poor mechanical resistance. In order to overcome this drawback, this investigation presents an approach into the preparation of electrospun nanocomposite fibers from PBAT and low contents of superhydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (sMWCNT) (0.1-0.5wt.%) as reinforcing agent. We employed a wide range of characterization techniques to evaluate the properties of the resulting electrospun nanocomposites, including Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), tensile tests, contact angle measurements (CA) and biological assays. FE-SEM micrographs showed that while the addition of sMWCNT increased the presence of beads on the electrospun fibers' surfaces, the increase of the neat charge density due to their presence reduced the fibers' average diameter. The tensile test results pointed that sMWCNT acted as reinforcement in the PBAT electrospun matrix, enhancing its tensile strength (from 1.3 to 3.6MPa with addition of 0.5wt.% of sMWCNT) and leading to stiffer materials (lower elongation at break). An evaluation using MG63 cells revealed cell attachment into the biomaterials and that all samples were viable for biomedical applications, once no cytotoxic effect was observed. MG-63 cells osteogenic differentiation, measured by ALP activity, showed that mineralized nodules formation was increased in PBAT/0.5%CNTs when compared to control group (cells). This investigation demonstrated a feasible novel approach for producing electrospun nanocomposites from PBAT and sMWCNT with enhanced mechanical properties and adequate cell viability levels, which allows for a wide range of biomedical applications for these materials.

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“…Furthermore, PLA has been approved by the food drug administration (FDA) for clinical assays [13] and therefore its use in the biomedical field is widely extended. Specifically, PLA is employed in medical implants such as screws, pins or meshes [14,15], bioabsorbable sutures [16,17], tissue engineering applications [18][19][20] and drug-delivery systems [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Medicated Polylactide Micropieces by Means of Ultrasonic Technology

et al. 2019

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A technology based on the application of ultrasound as an energy source was applied to get polylactide (PLA) micropieces with minimum degradation and processing time. This requirement could be even shorter than 1.5 s. The ultrasound technology was also demonstrated to be efficient for the incorporation of drugs with a pharmacological activity. Thus, the loading of two representative bactericide agents (i.e., triclosan (TCS), and chlorhexidine (CHX)), having differentiated chemical properties was evaluated. Typical physicochemical characterization included mechanical and thermal properties together with the evaluation of molecular degradation during processing for both unloaded and loaded specimens. Results pointed out that the thermally stable TCS could be loaded into the specimens without any problem, but cautions should be taken into account for CHX. Nevertheless, degradation could in this case be avoided when the drug load was lower than 3 wt-%, a result that contrasts with the significant decomposition attained by using conventional melting processes, which required long processing times at high temperatures. Morphologic analyses of loaded specimens did not reveal significant defects, while spectroscopic analyses showed that a good dispersion of drugs inside pieces could be attained. Drugs were slowly released from micropieces with a rate that was dependent on their hydrophilic character. Thus, release in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-ethanol medium (70% of PBS) followed a first order kinetics with constants of 0.0356 h−1 and 0.027 h−1 for CHX and TCS, respectively. A clear bactericide effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was achieved at the beginning of exposure to the corresponding culture media, while a bacteriostatic effect was interestingly still detected after long exposure times. In fact, bacterial growth could be reduced to near 20% when micropieces were loaded with only 3 wt-% of any of the selected CHX and TCS drugs.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering

Cited by 40 publications

References 89 publications

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Co-Continuous Porous Structure of PLA/PVA Blends by Phase Separation

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Co-Continuous Porous Structure of PLA/PVA Blends by Phase Separation

Influence of low contents of superhydrophilic MWCNT on the properties and cell viability of electrospun poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) fibers

Preparation of Medicated Polylactide Micropieces by Means of Ultrasonic Technology

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