Polylactic acid fibre-reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Guarino, Vincenzo; Causa, Filippo; Taddei, Paola; Foggia, Michele Di; Ciapetti, G.; Martini, Désirèe; Fagnano, C.; Baldini, Nicola; Ambrosio, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.05.024

Cited by 190 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Although this is a simple and fast method, it is a rough estimation of the actual porosity as significant errors can be made while determining the actual volume of the scaffold. 93 However, this method is preferred for materials that cannot withstand the high pressures used in other porosity determination methods, for example, layers of nanofiber mats. 94 …”

Section: 91-93mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size

Loh

Choong

2013

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

2,065

1,446

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Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. These scaffolds serve to mimic the actual in vivo microenvironment where cells interact and behave according to the mechanical cues obtained from the surrounding 3D environment. Hence, the material properties of the scaffolds are vital in determining cellular response and fate. These 3D scaffolds are generally highly porous with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal. This review focuses on the various fabrication techniques (e.g., conventional and rapid prototyping methods) that have been employed to fabricate 3D scaffolds of different pore sizes and porosity. The different pore size and porosity measurement methods will also be discussed. Scaffolds with graded porosity have also been studied for their ability to better represent the actual in vivo situation where cells are exposed to layers of different tissues with varying properties. In addition, the ability of pore size and porosity of scaffolds to direct cellular responses and alter the mechanical properties of scaffolds will be reviewed, followed by a look at nature's own scaffold, the extracellular matrix. Overall, the limitations of current scaffold fabrication approaches for tissue engineering applications and some novel and promising alternatives will be highlighted.

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Section: 91-93mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93,95,96 Scaffolds are placed in a mercury penetrometer and subsequently infused with mercury under increasing pressures, up to a maximum of 414 MPa (Fig. 6A).…”

Section: Mercury Porosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size

Loh

Choong

2013

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

2,065

1,446

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“…By imposing three different flow rates as boundary conditions (Q ¼ 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 ml min 21 ), the distribution of three-dimensional velocities profiles as well as shear stresses distribution have been calculated into the whole porous structure ( figure 4c,d). In detail, figure 4c shows an homogeneous distribution of flow directions into the whole scaffold volume, with preferential escape routes along the smaller pores (cyan regions).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of the fibre-reinforced composite scaffolds was extensively described elsewhere [21] and is schematically shown here in figure 1a,b. A multi-filament fibre moves across a resin bath, forming a thin surface resin coating, whose characteristics are dependent on the solution viscosity and the fibre-to-matrix chemical adhesion.…”

Section: Materials and Scaffold Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in fibre-reinforced tubular scaffolds: theoretical study and experimental evidences

Guarino

Urciuolo

Álvarez-Pérez

et al. 2012

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The development of composite scaffolds with well-organized architecture and multiscale properties (i.e. porosity, degradation) represents a valid approach for achieving a tissue-engineered construct capable of reproducing the medium-and long-term in vitro behaviour of hierarchically complex tissues such as spongy bone. To date, the implementation of scaffold design strategies able to summarize optimal scaffold architecture as well as intrinsic mechanical, chemical and fluid transport properties still remains a challenging issue. In this study, poly 1-caprolactone/polylactid acid (PCL/PLA) tubular devices (fibres of PLA in a PCL matrix) obtained by phase inversion/salt leaching and filament winding techniques were proposed as cell instructive scaffold for bone osteogenesis. Continuous fibres embedded in the polymeric matrix drastically improved the mechanical response as confirmed by compression elastic moduli, which vary from 0.214 + 0.065 to 1.174 + 0.143 MPa depending on the relative fibre/ matrix and polymer/solvent ratios. Moreover, computational fluid dynamic simulations demonstrated the ability of composite structure to transfer hydrodynamic forces during in vitro culture, thus indicating the optimal flow rate conditions that, case by case, enables specific cellular events-i.e. osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), mineralization, etc. Hence, we demonstrate that the hMSC differentiation preferentially occurs in the case of higher perfusion rates-over 0.05 ml min ) allows us to identify the best condition to stimulate the bone extracellular matrix in-growth, in agreement with the hydrodynamic model prediction. All these results concur to prove the succesful use of tubular composite as temporary device for long bone treatment.

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“…PCL is considered to be compatible with both hard and soft tissues [4][5][6] and will degrade slowly in the human body over a period of 24 to 36 months [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Compounding of PCL-PEO Blends for 3D Plotting of Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

G¹

2013

J Material Sci Eng

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Abstract3D plotting of micro-extruded filaments is a promising method for the additive manufacturing of porous scaffolds (for tissue engineering) in thermoplastic polymers. A much investigated polymer for degradable scaffolds is poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). One of the remaining issues with the material is its inherent hydrophilicity, which leads to nonspecific protein adsorption. Specifically for cardiovascular applications, it has also been found that PCL is insufficiently flexible to mimic the mechanic-elastic behavior of the natural tissue. Earlier research has shown that blending with low molecular weight poly-ethylene-oxide (PEO) may offer an improvement in terms of both hydrophilicity and flexibility. Until now, solution-based blending has been used as a manufacturing method for these blends, since PCL and PEO are largely immiscible in the melt. This, however, is tedious work which yields only a few grams of material at a time. Therefore, in the current research, a method has been developed for the bulk compounding of PCL-PEO blends, using a twin-screw extruder. The manufactured blends were evaluated for composition, dispersion of the PEO and crystalline morphology. It was found that by re-compounding the blends after the first extrusion step, a good dispersion of the PEO within the PCL matrix was achieved.

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Polylactic acid fibre-reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Cited by 190 publications

References 54 publications

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size

Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in fibre-reinforced tubular scaffolds: theoretical study and experimental evidences

Bulk Compounding of PCL-PEO Blends for 3D Plotting of Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

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