Polyhydroxyalkanoates bioproduction from bench to industry: Thirty years of development towards sustainability

PHBV cycle of life using waste as a starting point: from production to recyclability

“…Besides, some haloarchaea can be used in the bioremediation processes to remove heavy metals and inorganic anions from brines and salty water (Oren, 2010;Nájera-Fernández et al, 2012;Martínez-Espinosa et al, 2015;Hou and Cui, 2018;Zuo et al, 2018;Pacholak et al, 2021;Pfeifer et al, 2021;Martínez et al, 2022;Moopantakath et al, 2023). Within haloarchaea, the most promising microorganism is Haloferax mediterranei (Pfeifer et al, 2021;Hagagy et al, 2022;Costa et al, 2023;Diankristanti et al, 2023), because it can synthesize PHBV without using any HV precursor (as required by other microorganisms) and can use different carbon sources to accomplish it (Tan et al, 2014b;Han et al, 2015;Parroquin-Gonzalez and Winterburn, 2023). 10.3389/fmats.2024.1405483 The metabolic pathways that allow the production of PHA are diverse if they are analyzed and compared in all groups of microorganisms, but essentially, all of them share the following reactions.…”

“…Gram-negative bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator, which serves as a model for the study of PHA production, produce the well-known lipopolysaccharide, which is an endotoxin that copurifies with PHA extraction and can cause immunological reaction and limit its applications in the medical sector. Therefore, to remove toxins, the downstream process becomes more expensive (Tan et al, 2014b;Tebaldi et al, 2019;Kumar et al, 2020;Diankristanti et al, 2023). Gram-positive bacteria such as those belonging to the genera Nocardia or Rhodococcus are of limited interest due to their low production of the polymer compared to Gram-negative bacteria and their difficult purification (Guo et al, 2013;Tan et al, 2014b).…”