PolyHIPE Derived Freestanding 3D Carbon Foam for Cobalt Hydroxide Nanorods Based High Performance Supercapacitor

Abstract

The current paper describes enhanced electrochemical capacitive performance of chemically grown Cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanorods (NRs) decorated porous three dimensional graphitic carbon foam (Co(OH)2/3D GCF) as a supercapacitor electrode. Freestanding 3D porous GCF is prepared by carbonizing, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerized styrene and divinylbenzene. The PolyHIPE was sulfonated and carbonized at temperature up to 850 °C to obtain graphitic 3D carbon foam with high surface area (389 m2 g−1) having open voids (14 μm) interconnected by windows (4 μm) in monolithic form. Moreover, entangled Co(OH)2 NRs are anchored on 3D GCF electrodes by using a facile chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The wide porous structure with high specific surface area (520 m2 g−1) access offered by the interconnected 3D GCF along with Co(OH)2 NRs morphology, displays ultrahigh specific capacitance, specific energy and power. The Co(OH)2/3D GCF electrode exhibits maximum specific capacitance about ~1235 F g−1 at ~1 A g−1 charge-discharge current density, in 1 M aqueous KOH solution. These results endorse potential applicability of Co(OH)2/3D GCF electrode in supercapacitors and signifies that, the porous GCF is a proficient 3D freestanding framework for loading pseudocapacitive nanostructured materials.

Interweaved Nickel Phosphide Sponge as an Electrode for Flexible Supercapattery and Water Splitting Applications

“…Thus, Figure a reveals that sponge-like morphology, which is composed of interconnected spherical particles with some elongations creating the tendency to grow further. These interconnected Ni 2 P nanoparticles interweaved together forming the more significant bulk of an open spongy structure . By the side of 24 h, Scheme clarifies the phenomena of integration of individual particles getting merged making hefty particles leading to reduced porosity with the support of sufficient reaction time.…”

“…These interconnected Ni 2 P nanoparticles interweaved together forming the more significant bulk of an open spongy structure. 52 By the side of 24 h, Scheme 1 clarifies the phenomena of integration of individual particles getting merged making hefty particles leading to reduced porosity with the support of sufficient reaction time. This results in the emergence of Ni 12 P 5 phase in the Ni 2 P crystal structure, picked up earlier.…”

Pickering-emulsion-templated synthesis of 3D hollow graphene as an efficient oil absorbent

“…It has been reported that microporosity and mesoporosity imbue such materials with a high surface area, while accessibility to their sorption sites is determined by their hydrophobicity and macroporosity. 13 Several methods have been reported for the construction of 3D graphene, such as carbonisation of a polymer framework, 14 freeze-drying, 15 sugar-blowing, 16 cross-linking assembly 17 and the Pickering emulsion technique. 18 Given its advantages in terms of cost, quality and sustainability, the demand for applications based on the Pickering emulsion technique has begun to increase in various industries.…”

“…Several methods have been reported for the construction of 3D graphene, such as carbonisation of a polymer framework, 14 freeze-drying, 15 sugar-blowing, 16 cross-linking assembly 17 and the Pickering emulsion technique. 18 Given its advantages in terms of cost, quality and sustainability, the demand for applications based on the Pickering emulsion technique has begun to increase in various industries.…”

One‐pot emulsion templating for simultaneous hydrothermal carbonization and hydrogel synthesis: porous structures, nitrogen contents and activation

“…Surprisingly, the macroporous morphologies of the carbon monoliths are often strikingly similar to those of the original polyHIPEs, in spite of the extensive reductions in mass and volume. The polyHIPEs used for generating carbons have been based on styrenics, 59,66–70 acrylonitrile, 71–73 tannin, 74 phenolics, 75,76 furfuryl alcohol, 77 Kraft black liquor, 78 polycarbosilane 79 and urea‐based precursors 80 . Porous carbons combining macroporosity with microporosity and mesoporosity ( S BET as high as 900 m 2 g −1 ) were generated by combining several types of templating, often including the use of hybrid or silica frameworks 81–85 ; oxygen and nitrogen functionalities in polyHIPE‐derived carbons have been obtained using oxygen‐ or nitrogen‐containing monomers 5,57,86 ; and chemical activation has been used to generate microporosity ( S BET as high as 2000 m 2 g −1 ) in carbonized polyHIPEs 63,87 .…”