Polygenic Variants Linked to Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidant System Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Interact with Lifestyle Factors

Choi, Youngjin; Kwon, Hyuk-Ku; Park, Sunmin

doi:10.3390/antiox12061280

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The Center for Genome Science at the Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH) conducted a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis on the city-hospital-based cohort belonging to the KoGES. The genomic DNA from each participant was extracted from their whole blood, and the genotypes were measured using a Korean Chip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) designed to include the disease-related SNPs [ 18 ]. The genotyping accuracy was determined using Bayesian Robust Linear Modeling using the Mahalanobis Distance Genotyping Algorithm (BRLMM) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Park

2024

Nutrients

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We aimed to investigate the association of a sustainable diet with a long-term reduction in waist circumference (WC) while identifying novel biomarkers for WC reduction (WCR). The participants were recruited initially during 2004–2013 in a large hospital-based cohort, and the follow-up measurements were conducted during 2012–2016. The 65,611 adults aged 45–75 were categorized into WC-loss (n = 22,290) and WC-gain (n = 43,321). Each study investigated demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, genetic, and dietary factors. The modified Healthy Eating Index (MHEI), dietary patterns, and glycemic index were calculated from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Novel biomarkers influencing WC reduction were identified using machine learning approaches. A WCR was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and its components. Daily energy intake did not differ between those with and without WCR. However, MHEI, which represents diet quality, demonstrated a positive association with WCR. Among various dietary patterns, the Asian-style balanced diet (ABD), including more fermented soybeans and less restricted salt than the Diet Approach to Stop Hypertension, was positively associated with WCR. However, an inverse association was observed between the diet that was high in noodle and processed meat consumption and that which was high in rice consumption. However, the PRS for abdominal obesity did not significantly interrupt WCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction model for WCR was about 0.86. The biomarkers in the models included MetS components, inflammation index, diet components, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, but not genetic factors. In conclusion, adopting a high-quality diet with a high MHEI like ABD leads to WCR, irrespective of genetic influences. These results could be applied to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing abdominal obesity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Park

2024

Nutrients

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“…GPX enzymes were not studied by Anderson et al but GPX1 and GPX4 are pivotal since they reduce mitochondrial H 2 O 2 [49]. Recent research indicates that genetic variants in GPX1 and GPX3 are associated with T2D risk [100].…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxs and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Glutathione and Its Precursors in Type 2 Diabetes

Tuell,

Ford,

Los

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major worldwide health crisis affecting about 6.2% of the world’s population. Alarmingly, about one in five children in the USA have prediabetes. Glutathione (GSH) and its precursors play a promising role in the prevention and management of type T2D. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a probable factor in both T2D initiation and progression. GSH is the major cytosolic water-soluble chemical antioxidant and emerging evidence supports its role in improving T2D outcomes. Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or glycine (GLY), which are GSH precursors, has also been studied for possible beneficial effects on T2D. This review will focus on the underlying pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linking GSH and its precursors with T2D and OxS. In addition to their traditional antioxidant roles, the in vivo effects of GSH/NAC/GLY supplements will be evaluated for their potential abilities to modulate the complex pro-oxidant pathophysiological factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) driving T2D progression. Positive feedback loops that amplify OxS over long time intervals are likely to result in irreversible T2D micro- and macro-vascular damage. Most clinical studies with GSH/NAC/GLY have focused on adults or the elderly. Future research with pediatric populations should be a high priority since early intervention is critical.

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“…Antioxidants can limit the adverse effects (oxidative stress and chronic inflammation) caused by ROS accumulation ( 10 ). It is considered that insufficient consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, such as vegetables and fruits, is closely associated with the occurrence of NCDs, especially CVD, DM, and cancer ( 11 , 12 ). Dietary antioxidants are mainly composed of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, zinc, and selenium ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of dietary selenium intake with the risk of chronic diseases and mortality in US adults

Zhang,

Meng,

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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ObjectiveSelenium is an essential micronutrient and a type of dietary antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the associations of dietary selenium intake with the risk of human chronic disease [cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cancer] and mortality among US general adults.MethodsThe dietary and demographic data in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Death outcomes were determined by associating with the National Death Index (NDI) records as of December 31, 2019. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship of selenium intake with the risk of CVD, DM, and cancer. The effect of dietary selenium on all-cause and disease-specific mortality was estimated with restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves based on the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsAmong the 25,801 participants, dietary selenium intake was divided into quintiles (Q1–Q5). After covariate adjustment, the results showed that the participants with higher quintiles (Q4 and Q5) of selenium intake tended to have a low risk of CVD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99; OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.00, respectively). Moreover, the RCS curves showed a significant nonlinear association between selenium intake and the risk of all-cause (with a HR of 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.99) and DM-specific mortality (with the lowest HR of 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12–0.75). Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis and found a negative correlation between the highest quartile of selenium intake and all-cause mortality among participants aged 50 and above (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60–0.93, p = 0.009).ConclusionOur results indicated that a moderate dietary selenium supplement decreased the risk of CVD and displayed a nonlinear trend in association with the risk of all-cause and DM-specific mortality among US adults. In addition, we found that participants aged 50 and older may benefit from higher selenium intake. However, these findings still need to be confirmed through further mechanism exploration.

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Polygenic Variants Linked to Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidant System Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Interact with Lifestyle Factors

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

The Role of Glutathione and Its Precursors in Type 2 Diabetes

Associations of dietary selenium intake with the risk of chronic diseases and mortality in US adults

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