Polygenic patterns of adaptive introgression in modern humans are mainly shaped by response to pathogens

Gouy, Alexandre; Excoffier, Laurent

doi:10.1101/732958

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Currently PNG genomes are only available for lowlanders and groups from moderate altitude (~1,500m a.s.l.) [114][115][116][117][118] which would explain the absence of detected adaptative introgression to high altitude. Future genomic analyses on the high-altitude PNG communities studied in this work might be of great interest.…”

Section: Circulatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic differences between highlanders and lowlanders in Papua New Guinea

et al. 2021

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Objectives Altitude is one of the most demanding environmental pressures for human populations. Highlanders from Asia, America and Africa have been shown to exhibit different biological adaptations, but Oceanian populations remain understudied [Woolcock et al., 1972; Cotes et al., 1974; Senn et al., 2010]. We tested the hypothesis that highlanders phenotypically differ from lowlanders in Papua New Guinea, as a result of inhabiting the highest mountains in Oceania for at least 20,000 years. Materials and methods We collected data for 13 different phenotypes related to altitude for 162 Papua New Guineans living at high altitude (Mont Wilhelm, 2,300–2,700 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and low altitude (Daru, <100m a.s.l.). Multilinear regressions were performed to detect differences between highlanders and lowlanders for phenotypic measurements related to body proportions, pulmonary function, and the circulatory system. Results Six phenotypes were significantly different between Papua New Guinean highlanders and lowlanders. Highlanders show shorter height (p-value = 0.001), smaller waist circumference (p-value = 0.002), larger Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (p-value = 0.008), larger maximal (p-value = 3.20e -4) and minimal chest depth (p-value = 2.37e -5) and higher haemoglobin concentration (p-value = 3.36e -4). Discussion Our study reports specific phenotypes in Papua New Guinean highlanders potentially related to altitude adaptation. Similar to other human groups adapted to high altitude, the evolutionary history of Papua New Guineans appears to have also followed an adaptive biological strategy for altitude.

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Section: Circulatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic differences between highlanders and lowlanders in Papua New Guinea

et al. 2021

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“…Candidate variants for positive selection are observed in genes relating to immunity and metabolism, which suggests genetic adaptation to pathogens and food sources that are characteristic of Pacific islands. The finding that some of these variants were inherited from Denisovans highlights the importance of archaic introgression as a source of adaptive variation in modern humans 29,31,32,49 . Finally, the signal of polygenic adaptation related to levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol suggests that there are population differences in lipid metabolism, potentially accounting for the contrasting responses to recent dietary changes in the region 50 .…”

Section: Implications For Human History and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into population history and biological adaptation in Oceania

Choin

Mendoza‐Revilla

Arauna

et al. 2021

Nature

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“…Introgressed alleles can be fitness-neutral, deleterious [6] or adaptive. For example, adaptive introgression has been shown to provide an evolutionary rescue from polluted habitats in gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) [7], yielded mimicry adaptations among Heliconius butterflies [8] and archaic introgression has facilitated adaptive evolution of altitude tolerance [9], immunity and metabolism in modern humans [10]. Additionally, hybridization and introgression are important and often overlooked mechanisms of invasive species establishment and spread [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep ancestral introgression shapes evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies

Suvorov

Scornavacca

Fujimoto

et al. 2020

Preprint

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exchange of inter-specific genetic information via various biological processes. In particular, 51 lateral gene transfer, incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression can result in gene trees 52 that are discordant with the species tree [3, 4]. Lateral transfer and introgression both involve 53 gene flow following speciation, thereby producing "reticulate" phylogenies. Incomplete lineage 54 sorting (ILS), on the other hand, occurs when three or more lineages coalesce in their ancestral 55 population. This often arises in an order that conflicts with that of the true species tree, and thus 56 involves no post-speciation gene flow and therefore does not contribute to reticulate evolution. 57 Thus, phylogenetic species-gene tree incongruence observed in empirical data can provide 58 insight into underlying biological factors that shape the evolutionary trajectories of a set of taxa. 59The major source of reticulate evolution for eukaryotes is introgression where it affects 60 approximately 25% of flowering plant and 10% of animal species [1, 5]. Introgressed alleles can 61 be fitness-neutral, deleterious [6] or adaptive. For example, adaptive introgression has been 62 shown to provide an evolutionary rescue from polluted habitats in gulf killifish (Fundulus 63 grandis) [7], yielded mimicry adaptations among Heliconius butterflies [8] and archaic 64 introgression has facilitated adaptive evolution of altitude tolerance [9], immunity and 65 metabolism in modern humans [10]. Additionally, hybridization and introgression are important 66 and often overlooked mechanisms of invasive species establishment and spread [11]. 67Odonata, the insect order that contains dragonflies and damselflies, lacks a strongly 68 supported backbone tree to clearly resolve higher-level phylogenetic relationships [12, 13]. 69 Current evidence places odonates together with Ephemeroptera (mayflies) as the living 70 representatives of the most ancient insect lineages to have evolved wings and active flight [14]. 71Odonates possess unique anatomical and morphological features such as a specialized body 72 form, specialized wing venation, a distinctive form of muscle attachment to the wing base [15] 73 allowing for direct flight and accessory (secondary) male genitalia that support certain unique 74 behaviors (e.g., sperm competition). They are among the most adept flyers of all animals and are 75 exclusively carnivorous insects relying primarily on vision [16, 17] to capture prey. They spend 76 much of their adult life in flight [18]. Biogeographically, odonates exhibit worldwide dispersal 77[19] and play crucial ecological roles in local freshwater communities, being a top invertebrate 78 predator [20]. Due to this combination of characteristics, odonates are quickly becoming model 79 organisms to study specific questions in ecology, physiology and evolution [21, 22]. However, 80 the extent of introgression at the genomic scale within Odonata remains primarily unknown. 81Two early attempts to tackle introgression/hybridization patterns wi...

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Polygenic patterns of adaptive introgression in modern humans are mainly shaped by response to pathogens

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Phenotypic differences between highlanders and lowlanders in Papua New Guinea

Phenotypic differences between highlanders and lowlanders in Papua New Guinea

Genomic insights into population history and biological adaptation in Oceania

Deep ancestral introgression shapes evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies

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