Polygalacturonase production by Rhizopus spp.

Elegado, Francisco Banzuela; Fujio, Yusaku

doi:10.2323/jgam.39.409

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The pH optimum of these enzymes was very close to those reported for PL of Rhizopus spp. (Elegado & Fujio, 1993), A. niger (Acuña‐Argüelles et al. , 1995), Lentinus edodes (Zheng & Shetty, 2000), Bipolaris sorakiniana (Geimba & Brandelli, 2002) and the enzymatic preparation Pectinol A1 and Röhapect D5S (Röhm, A B Enzyme GMBH, Darmstadt, Germany) (Ceci & Lozano, 1998).…”

Section: Effect Of Ph On Pectinlyase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic behaviour and thermal inactivation of pectinlyase used in food processing

Ortega

Diego

Rodríguez‐Nogales

et al. 2004

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Kinetic properties and thermal inactivation of pectinlyase (PL) were assayed in commercial pectinase preparations (Rapidase C80, Pectinase CCM, Pectinex 3XL and Grindamyl 3PA) by using apple pectin as substrate. The PL activity of Rapidase C80 showed substrate inhibition, while the other enzyme preparations followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The optimum pH and temperature values for PL activity lay within the range of 5.5-6.5 and 35-40°C, respectively. PL was heat-inactivated with simple first order kinetics. With respect to this, thermodynamic activation parameters (DH # , DS # and DG # ) using a non-linear Arrhenius plot were calculated. The Pectinase CCM and Pectinex 3XL PL showed a half-life (t 1/2 ) at 50°C of 2.0 min and 11.8 min, respectively.

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Section: Effect Of Ph On Pectinlyase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic behaviour and thermal inactivation of pectinlyase used in food processing

Ortega

Diego

Rodríguez‐Nogales

et al. 2004

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…The culture broth was filtrated through filter paper (No.7, Toyo Roshi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to remove fungal mycelia. The filtrate was used as a crude enzyme solution.Solid cultivation was performed according to the method of Elegado and Fujio (1993). The solid medium consisted of 10 g of wheat bran, 0.5 g of cassava starch, 2 g of pectin, and 10.5 ml of tap water in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask stopped with a cotton plug.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid cultivation was performed according to the method of Elegado and Fujio (1993). The solid medium consisted of 10 g of wheat bran, 0.5 g of cassava starch, 2 g of pectin, and 10.5 ml of tap water in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask stopped with a cotton plug.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygalacturonase production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 18 using a metal-ion-regulated liquid medium.

Morita

Fujio

1999

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Rhizopus strains produce commercially useful enzymes such as glucoamylase (GA), polygalacturonase (PG), and protease during the fermentation processes. In industrial enzyme production, the Rhizopus strain is usually cultured in a solid state medium because the productivity of a solid culture using mycelia is superior to that of a liquid culture. However, liquid media are useful for controlling culture conditions.In the previous paper (Fujio and Morita, 1996), we selected Rhizopus sp. A-11 isolated from ragi, an Indonesian tempeh starter. We attempted to control some specified metal-ion concentrations in a liquid medium and achieved a high level of GA production in a so-called metal-ion-regulated liquid medium. We analyzed the GA from Rhizopus sp. A-11 and found that the GA had strong raw starch-digesting activity (Morita and Fujio, 1997). We compared GA production between the metal-ion-regulated liquid medium and a wheat bran solid medium, which is commonly used for GA production. This suggested a sizable advantage for raw starch-digesting GA production using a metalion-regulated liquid medium, as compared with a wheat bran solid culture medium (Morita et al., 1998).In industrial PG production, the Rhizopus strain is also usually cultured in a solid state medium (wheat bran solid culture). Arima et al. (1964) tested PG production in liquid culture using Rhizopus strains and pointed out that Rhizopus strains had weak PG activity.Among 46 Rhizopus strains tested, Rhizopus sp.MKU 18 was selected as the best producer of PG, and we used it in the following experiments. We investigated the effects of various metal ions supplementation on PG production and improved a liquid culture system for PG production, using a metal-ion-regulated liquid medium. We also compared specific PG activities of a metal-ion-regulated liquid medium and a wheat bran solid medium, and this suggested that a sizable advantage can be found in producing PG by a metal-ion-regulated liquid medium. A basal medium (SLSP medium) consisted of 0.1 g of pectin, 1 g of liquefied cassava starch, 0.4 g of ammonium acetate, 0.1 g of dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, and 0.33 g of citric acid dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water. The pH was adjusted to 6.0 with sodium hydroxide. The medium was sterilized at 121°C for 20 min in a shaking flask. The Rhizopus mycelia and spores were precultured on a slant of potato dextrose agar at 30°C for 7 days. Two milliliters of the spore and the mycelia suspension (about 10 9 cfu/ml) were inoculated into the shaking flask. The culture was incubated at 30°C for 2 days on a reciprocal shaker with agitation at 150 strokes/min. The culture broth was filtrated through filter paper (No.7, Toyo Roshi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to remove fungal mycelia. The filtrate was used as a crude enzyme solution.Solid cultivation was performed according to the method of Elegado and Fujio (1993). The solid medium consisted of 10 g of wheat bran, 0.5 g of cassava starch, 2 g of pectin, and 10.5 ml of tap water in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask stopped with...

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“…Elegado and Fujio have reported on GA [13] and polygalacturonase [14] production using 48 Rhizopus strains in a wheat bran solid culture. The wheat bran contained many natural organic nitrogen sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40

Morita¹,

Fujio

2000

Starch/Stärke

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In a liquid cultivation of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40, supplementation of the medium with 1.5% (w/v) organic nitrogen sources (neopeptone, casein from milk, and meat extract) had a slightly positive effect on glucoamylase (GA) (EC 3.2.1.3) activity compared with the medium lacking organic nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources induced production of protease. Supplementation of the medium with 1.5% (w/v) organic nitrogen sources resulted in an acid and neutral protease activity of 11 — 25 U/mL and 12 — 20 U/mL, respectively. The co‐existence of GA‐I [a highly raw starch‐digesting glucoamylase (RSDG)] and protease in the same medium leads to the production of Ga‐II (an extremely weak RSDG) from GA‐I. As a result the RSDG activity in the medium decreases. Raw starch adsorption rates of a medium without organic nitrogen sources were 100%, because the medium contained only GA‐I. In contrast, the media supplemented with organic nitrogen sources had low starch adsorption rates because the media contained both GA‐I and GA‐II. The results presented in this paper indicate that supplementation of the culture medium of Rhizopus strains with organic nitrogen sources negatively affects GA‐I production.

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Polygalacturonase production by Rhizopus spp.

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Kinetic behaviour and thermal inactivation of pectinlyase used in food processing

Kinetic behaviour and thermal inactivation of pectinlyase used in food processing

Polygalacturonase production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 18 using a metal-ion-regulated liquid medium.

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40

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