Polyethyleneimine‐modified porous aromatic framework and silane coupling agent grafted graphene oxide composite materials for determination of phenolic acids in Chinese Wolfberry drink by HPLC

Abstract

A simple method for the determination of phenolic acids in Chinese Wolfberry drink based on polyethyleneimine modified porous aromatic framework and graphene oxide composite sorbent for pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction was developed. Porous aromatic framework and raphene oxide composite materials were grafted by silane coupling agent (3‐Chloropropyl)‐trimethoxysilane. The modified materials were characterized by five kinds of characterization. Experimental results showed that the prepared p‐phenylenediamine, cyanuric chloride, and graphene oxide composite material had a loose structure combined with the framework which improved hydrophobicity, and polyethyleneimine to increase the selectivity with the targets. The parameters of the pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction procedure including the amount of sorbents, volumes and types of washing solvents and elution solvents were optimized to achieve optimal extraction efficiency. Good linearity of best material was achieved in the range of 0.1–400 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of chlorogenic acid (0.9994), caffeic acid (0.9997), and ferulic acid (0.9998). Recoveries between 93.5 and 102.3% were obtained at three spiked levels with relative standard deviation ≤3.1%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of phenolic acids in Chinese Wolfberry drink sample.

Development of magnetism‐assisted in‐tube solid phase microextraction of phenolic acids in fruit juices prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography quantification

“…Furthermore, the developed method was superior to the others in terms of sensitivity. The comparison also illustrated that the recovery obtained in our study was better than that got in BAμE-CE/DAD [35], and was comparable to that achieved in other studies [16,[29][30][31][32][33][34]36]. The comparison well indicates that the introduced approach exhibits some advantages such as less consumption of sample, high sensitivity and reduction of toxic solvent in the measurement of PAs at trace levels.…”

“…To further illustrate the features of current method in the analysis of PAs in fruit juices, a comparison with previously reported ABE-based approaches for the determination of PAs was performed. As summarized in Supporting Information Table 2, our method used the lowest amount of sample [16,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The consumption of extraction solvent in the current method was less than SPE-HPLC/DAD [29], pipette-tip (PT) SPE-HPLC/UV [31], SPME-GC/MS [33], poly (vinylimidazole-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith (VIED)-based MMF-SPME (VIED/MMF-SPME)-HPLC/DAD [16], molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)based MMF-SPME (MIP/MMF-SPME)-HPLC/DAD [34], and bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE)-CE/DAD [36].…”

“…As summarized in Supporting Information Table 2, our method used the lowest amount of sample [16,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The consumption of extraction solvent in the current method was less than SPE-HPLC/DAD [29], pipette-tip (PT) SPE-HPLC/UV [31], SPME-GC/MS [33], poly (vinylimidazole-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith (VIED)-based MMF-SPME (VIED/MMF-SPME)-HPLC/DAD [16], molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)based MMF-SPME (MIP/MMF-SPME)-HPLC/DAD [34], and bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE)-CE/DAD [36]. The total extraction time (including adsorption and desorption steps) in our method was less than some studies [16,33,36].…”