Polyethylene-Oil Palm Frond Composites-A Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties

Rozman, H. D.; Ismail, Hanafi; Jaffri, R. M.; Aminullah, Akhmad; Ishak, Z. A. Mohd

doi:10.1080/00914039808039766

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, it has been found that the incorporation of fillers into HDPE matrix has, to a certain extent, reduced both tensile and impact strength of the composites. 13,17 Incorporation of coupling agents and compatibilizers in the EFB composites has also been reported to impart some improvement in properties. 18 Several studies on other lignocellulosic-filled thermoplastic composites have indicated that the mixing procedures could play an important role in determining the properties of composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…From a microstructure-property relationships point of view, both EFB-HDPE and OPF-HDPE composites displayed similar trends, and their overall mechanical properties are quite comparable. 13,17 Secondly, EFB is preferable in terms of availability and cost. EFB is readily available at a typical token price of USD (US Dollar) 10.00 per tonne as compared to USD 30.00 per tonne for OPF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential utilization of fillers that were derived from oil palm industries, that is, empty fruit bunch (EFB) and oil palm frond (OPF) for the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been reported by several workers. 13,17,18 The investigation has been focused on the effect of filler loadings, filler particle size distribution, and the effect of coupling agents on the mechanical properties of the composites. In general, it has been found that the incorporation of fillers into HDPE matrix has, to a certain extent, reduced both tensile and impact strength of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites

Rozman

Peng

Ishak

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene (EFB-PP) composites were produced by employing 2 types of compounding techniques, that is, an internal mixer and a single-screw extruder. The mechanical and water absorption properties of both types of composites were investigated. Overall, for both types of composites, the incorporation of the EFB into PP matrix has resulted in the improvement in the tensile modulus. However, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decreased with increasing filler loading. Poor filler-matrix interaction or compatibility and, also, the size irregularity of the EFB are believed to be responsible for the poor ultimate performance. Composites produced by an internal mixer (IM) have displayed higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength than with those produced by extrusion (EX). The better performance has been attributed to the effectiveness of the IM, which produces better compounding and improves the wetting of the filler surface. Incorporation of compatibilizer and coupling agent, that is, Epolene wax (E-43) and 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3-APE), respectively, have produced composites with improved tensile strength for both EX and IM composites. In addition, both types of treatment have resulted in an increase in tensile modulus of EX composites and impact strength of IM composites. Water absorption tests have revealed that the presence of coupling agents and compatibilizers have affected the amount of water absorbed, especially for the 3-APE-treated EFB-PP composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites

Rozman

Peng

Ishak

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…A similar trend has been reported by other researchers. 5,16 In this study, the value of tensile modulus shows a decreasing trend after 50 wt% loading and is at its lowest at 70 wt% loading. Incorporation of filler, especially at high loading, may contribute to the poor tensile modulus where filler-filler interaction may take place.…”

Section: Morphological Studymentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of filler composition and incorporation of additives on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with high loading lignocellulosic materials

Aminullah

Mustafa

Azlan

et al. 2010

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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The mechanical properties of wood polymer composites consisting of polypropylene and mixed sawdust of meranti shorea spp. dominant and rice husk filler have been studied. Three different filler loadings of 50, 60, and 70 wt% were used and the process of compounding and extrusion was carried out using a twin-screw extruder. Increase in flexural modulus and tensile modulus are observed while tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, and Izod impact decrease with increasing filler loading. Poor interaction between wood filler and the plastics is believed to be the main reason for the decreasing trend. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used in the formulation to improve the interfacial adhesion between the two components. Addition of the MAPP shows some improvement, particularly at 1%, and further increment of the MAPP did not show any significant impact on the properties tested.

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“…A preliminary study on the mechanical properties of composite consisting high density polyethylene (HDPE) and OPF was investigated by Rozman et al [51] where three different particle sizes of OPF was confined to 270-500, 180-270, and 75-180 mm. The tensile strength and impact strength were sharply reduced with the increase in OPF loading.…”

Section: Fillers In Polymer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil palm frond as a sustainable and promising biomass source in Malaysia: A review

Ooi

Teoh

Kunasundari

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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As the world second largest producer and exporter of palm oil after Indonesia, Malaysia's palm oil industries generate huge amount of biomass especially after pruning or harvesting the fresh bunch. The generated oil palm biomass includes empty fruit brunch (EFB), palm kernel shell, oil palm trunk (OPT), oil palm frond (OPF), palm oil mill effluent (POME), and mesocarp fiber. Among the generated oil palm biomass, OPF is by far the highest in quantity, accounting for more than 50% of the total biomass generated in the oil palm industries. Therefore, OPF appears to be a very promising source of raw materials in Malaysia. Considerable amount of researches have been carried out to investigate the nutritional value and economic viability of OPF and its suitability for reused as recycle energy, nutrients, or being transformed into value‐added end products. Thus, this article aims to present an overview on the current scenario in Malaysian's palm oil industries, covering topics on the availability and the characterization of OPF. This article also emphasizes on the superior recycling of OPF in various fields and major challenges in the utilization of OPF. Based on the findings presented, it is definitely clear that OPF has the potential to serve as sustainable and promising biomass source for Malaysia, not only to reduce the environmental problem caused by openly burnt or landfill disposal of OPF but also to generate extra revenue for the country. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1864–1874, 2017

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Polyethylene-Oil Palm Frond Composites-A Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites

The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites

Effect of filler composition and incorporation of additives on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with high loading lignocellulosic materials

Oil palm frond as a sustainable and promising biomass source in Malaysia: A review

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