Polyethylene glycol–superoxide dismutase, a conjugate in search of exploitation

Veronese, Francesco M.; Caliceti, Paolo; Schiavon, Oddone; Sergi, Mauro

doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00029-7

Cited by 260 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Therefore, it appears that the protective effect of PEG-SOD is cellline dependent. Although previous studies have reported that PEG-SOD decreases the cerebrovascular permeability, or brain edema, that occurs after ischemia, hypertension or coldinduced injury; its efficacy in minimizing the ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain is uncertain [27]. We speculate that the protective effect of PEG-SOD seen in the above conditions may be attributable to the protection of the endothelial lining because of the extended plasma halflife of pegylated SOD over the native form of SOD (~30 min vs. several minutes, respectively) [28], opposed to neutralization of free radicals formed in neuronal cells because of poor permeability of PEG-SOD across the BBB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We speculate that the protective effect of PEG-SOD seen in the above conditions may be attributable to the protection of the endothelial lining because of the extended plasma halflife of pegylated SOD over the native form of SOD (~30 min vs. several minutes, respectively) [28], opposed to neutralization of free radicals formed in neuronal cells because of poor permeability of PEG-SOD across the BBB. Supporting this notion, there is evidence showing enhanced uptake of PEG-SOD into cultured endothelial cells following 24 hrs of incubation [29], but there is no report that has demonstrated increased neuronal uptake of SOD following pegylation [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superoxide Dismutase-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Protect Cultured Human Neurons Under Oxidative Stress

Reddy

Kou

et al. 2008

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

128

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of superoxide dismutase (SOD), loaded in poly(D,L-lactide co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), in cultured human neurons challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that the protected and sustained intracellular delivery of SOD encapsulated in NPs would demonstrate better neuroprotection from oxidative stress than either with SOD or pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD) in solution. SOD-NPs (~81 ± 4 nm in diameter, 0.9% w/w SOD loading) released the encapsulated SOD in an active form in vitro, with 8.2% cumulative release during the first 24 hrs, followed by a slower release thereafter. The results demonstrated that PLGA-NPs are compatible with human neurons and the neuroprotective effect of SOD-NPs is dose-dependent, with efficacy seen at >100 U SOD, with less significant effects at lower doses. Neither SOD (25-200 U) nor PEG-SOD (100 U) in solution demonstrated the neuroprotective effect under similar conditions. The neuroprotective effect of SOD-NPs was seen up to 6 hrs following H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress, but the effect diminished thereafter. Confocal microscopic studies demonstrated better intracellular neuronal uptake of the encapsulated model protein (FITC-labeled BSA) than the protein in solution. Thus, the mechanism of efficacy of SOD-NPs appears to be due to the stability of the encapsulated enzyme and its better neuronal uptake following encapsulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide Dismutase-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Protect Cultured Human Neurons Under Oxidative Stress

Reddy

Kou

et al. 2008

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

128

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“…1G. To demonstrate the relevance of LPS-induced superoxide to the expression of angiogenic markers, we conducted experiments with VAS2870 (a NOX inhibitor) and PEG-superoxide dismutase (a superoxide anion scavenger) (21,22). Pretreatment with VAS2870 (10 M) or PEG-superoxide dismutase (400 units/ml) for 1 h attenuated LPS-mediated induction of Ang2, VEGF-A, and Tie2 RNA at 3 h (Fig.…”

Section: Lps-induced Ang2 Tie2 and Vegf-a Expression In Hpmec Is Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated Angiopoietin-2-dependent Autocrine Angiogenesis Is Regulated by NADPH Oxidase 2 (Nox2) in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Menden

Welak

Cossette

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:The mechanisms by which bacterial ligands alter angiogenesis remain unknown. Results: Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Angiopoietin-2-dependent autocrine angiogenesis in lung endothelial cells is regulated by NADPH oxidase 2. Conclusion: Endothelial Nox2 regulates Angiopoietin-2-dependent angiogenesis. Significance: This study presents new data regarding the regulation of proinflammatory angiogenesis.

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“…Recently, we (Chandrasekhar et al, 2002;Chandrasekhar et al, 2003;Chandrasekhar et al, 2014) and others (Jiang and Ragauskas, 2006;Huaxing et al, 2005;Li et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2004) have demonstrated a new solvent medium, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an eco-friendly system for various functional group transformations. The importance of PEG as a biologically compatible polymer for drug delivery is well demonstrated and well approved by FDA for internal consumption (Harris, 1992;Herold et al, 1989;Veronese et al, 2002). Thus, we believe the synthesis of any bioactive molecule in this solvent medium will certainly attract attention by both academic and pharma research groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Synthesis of a Natural Product in Poly(ethylene Glycol):

Reddy¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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A natural product, (±)-centrolobine was synthesized using only one non-conventional solvent [poly(ethylene glycol)-400] as a reaction medium for all the reactions involved such as allylation of aldehyde, olefin metathesis, Wittig olefination followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction and hydrogenation. IntroductionThe use of volatile solvents in a chemical transformation occupies the maximum volume and recovery and/or minimizing this is an ever demanding process. Recently, we (Chandrasekhar et al., 2002;Chandrasekhar et al., 2003;Chandrasekhar et al., 2014) and others (Jiang and Ragauskas, 2006;Huaxing et al., 2005;Li et al., 2005;Zhang et al., 2004) have demonstrated a new solvent medium, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an eco-friendly system for various functional group transformations. The importance of PEG as a biologically compatible polymer for drug delivery is well demonstrated and well approved by FDA for internal consumption (Harris, 1992;Herold et al., 1989;Veronese et al., 2002). Thus, we believe the synthesis of any bioactive molecule in this solvent medium will certainly attract attention by both academic and pharma research groups. The efforts culminated in achieving the total synthesis of (±)-centrolobine in five steps including two one-pot reactions using poly(ethylene glycol) as a reaction medium in all the steps. Centrolobine (1, Fig. 1) is a tetrahydropyranic compound isolated from the heart wood of Centrolobium robustum (porcupine tree) and the stem of Brosimum potabile (Craveiro et al., 1970;de Albuquerque et al., 1964;Galeffi et al., 1965). The synthesis of 1 has attracted attention due to its activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes; a parasite associated with et al., 1998;Boulard et al., 2004;Colobert et al., 2002;Carreno et al., 2003;Chan and Loh 2005;Chandrasekhar et al., 2005;Evans et al., 2003;Latif et al., 2015;Marumoto et al., 2002). Results and Discussions(±)-Centrolobine should be obtainable from lactol 2 and phosphonate 3 via Wittig olefination followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction as key steps. The lactol 2 was further synthesized from commercially available aldehyde 4 using allylation, olefin metathesis followed by hydrogenation reactions (Scheme 1). The retrosynthetic strategy is designed in such a way that all reactions could be performed in PEG.The synthesis began with the preparation of homoallylic alcohol 5 which was achieved by metal mediated allylation of aldehyde in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst (Scheme 2). We have subjected 4-methoxy benzaldehyde 4 with allyl bromide using zinc powder in poly(ethylene glycol)-400 in the presence of CeCl 3 .7H 2 O as a Lewis acid catalyst. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example for allylation of aldehyde in PEG and could give the required product 5 in 89% yield. Encouraged by this result the recovery and reusability of the reagent system (PEG/Zn-CeCl 3 .7H 2 O) was also tried, but to our disappointment the yield of the product is decreasing for each run [The reaction medium, solvent an...

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Polyethylene glycol–superoxide dismutase, a conjugate in search of exploitation

Cited by 260 publications

References 144 publications

Superoxide Dismutase-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Protect Cultured Human Neurons Under Oxidative Stress

Superoxide Dismutase-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Protect Cultured Human Neurons Under Oxidative Stress

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated Angiopoietin-2-dependent Autocrine Angiogenesis Is Regulated by NADPH Oxidase 2 (Nox2) in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Total Synthesis of a Natural Product in Poly(ethylene Glycol):

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