Polyethers, Propylene Oxide Polymers

Gagnon, Steven D.

doi:10.1002/0471238961.1618151607010714.a01

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The number of polyol chains is normally greater than the number of K + ions; however, the fast exchange gives every chain the chance to grow to almost the same length. 23 In an isothermal semibatch reactor with a continuous addition of monomer, the population balance for polymer species has the following form:…”

Section: More-efficient Process Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactor Modeling for Polymerization Processes

Villa

2007

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The engineering principles that apply to polymerization reactions are extensions of well-established principles for the study of reactions that involve small molecules. Macromolecules are very attractive, because, through changes in their molecular architecture, one can influence end-use properties that small molecules do not have, such as melt strength, crystallinity, and clarity, to name a few. This additional degree of freedom comes at a cost, however, because it introduces a level of complexity that requires careful consideration during reactor design, analysis, and/or operation. There are many practical problems in polymer reaction engineering that can be handled using traditional tools. Very little additional expertise is required from reaction engineers. There are other problems that demand this expertise and, because they do, it becomes more difficult to avoid empirical components and determine when an observation should be predicted by the model or handled as a measurement artifact. This review attempts to define the borders that separate these two types of problems and discusses the challenges and opportunities industry often faces. There are still practical problems to solve in the area of commodity polymers, and there are many opportunities to apply the same engineering principles to specialty polymers.

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Section: More-efficient Process Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third reaction describes the fast exchange between dormant (alcohol) and growing (alkoxide) end groups. The number of polyol chains is normally greater than the number of K + ions; however, the fast exchange gives every chain the chance to grow to almost the same length 6 Propylene Oxide Polymerization …”

Section: More-efficient Process Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor Modeling for Polymerization Processes

Villa

2007

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Semi‐Batch Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide

Nörnberg

Spottog

Rahlf

et al. 2013

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: A nanoscopic heterogeneous catalyst system based on zinc glutarate is used to prepare poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) from CO 2 and propylene oxide (PO). The catalyst was exposed to a defined humid atmosphere. The water uptake resulted in a deactivation to a minimum of 25% of the original activity, depending on time of exposure and water concentration. In addition, the progress of the copolymerization at constant pressure was monitored by measuring the CO 2 uptake. It is shown that the rate is linear with time after an initial phase and that this rate is in linear correlation with the amount of catalyst. The copolymerization was also performed in several modes of discontinuous addition of PO. The productivity of the catalyst was in the range of 1.6-2.0 kg PPC/g Zn, the highest productivity reported for the zinc carboxylate catalyst system so far. High molecular weights of around 220 kg/mol (M w ) and low polydispersities of 2.2-2.5 were achieved in all experiments.

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Polyethers, Propylene Oxide Polymers

Cited by 2 publications

References 93 publications

Reactor Modeling for Polymerization Processes

Reactor Modeling for Polymerization Processes

Semi‐Batch Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide

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