Polyetheretherketone and Its Composites for Bone Replacement and Regeneration

Liao, Chengzhu; Li, Yuchao; Tjong, Sie Chin

doi:10.3390/polym12122858

Cited by 80 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 231 publications

(408 reference statements)

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“…However, these will be accompanied by several complications, such as chronic pain, disease transmission and immune rejection [ 3 ]. Furthermore, traditional non-bioabsorbable implants, including titanium alloy, poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), are reported to lead to long-term in-situ problems like osteolysis [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Traditional non-bioabsorbable materials are removed via secondary surgery, while bioabsorbable bone substitute materials are biodegradable and can be further metabolized without harmless substantial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically modified implantation as therapeutic bioabsorbable materials for bone defect repair

et al. 2022

Regenerative Therapy

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For decades, researches have concentrated on the mechanical properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility of implants used in the therapy of large size bone defect. In vivo studies demonstrate that bioabsorbable bone substitute materials can reduce the risk of common symptoms such as inflammation and osteonecrosis caused by bio-inert materials after long-term implantation. Several organic, inorganic, and composite materials have been approved for clinical application, based on their unique characteristics and advantages. Although some artificial bioabsorbable bone substitute materials have been used for years, there are still some disadvantages existing, such as low mechanical strength, high brittleness, and low degradation rate. Therefore, novel bioabsorbable composite materials biomaterials have been developed for bone defect repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of artificial bioabsorbable bone substitute materials and highlight the advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, recent advances in bioabsorbable bone substitute materials used in bone defect repair are outlined. Finally, we discuss current challenges and further developments in the clinical application of bioabsorbable bone substitute materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically modified implantation as therapeutic bioabsorbable materials for bone defect repair

et al. 2022

Regenerative Therapy

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“…Unfortunately, it is also considered the most expensive among other types, which limits its commercial dissemination [ 60 , 106 ]. It has great strength and a low Young’s modulus, comparable to human bone [ 104 , 186 ], which allows for an equal dispersion of induced stress and limits osteolysis [ 187 ]. It is also radiolucent and CT and MRI compatible, and due to its properties, it can be sterilized and re-sterilized in an autoclave without deformations [ 188 ].…”

Section: 3d Cranioplastymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Cranioplasty—A Systematic Review of 3D Printing in Medicine

et al. 2022

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The high cost of biofabricated titanium mesh plates can make them out of reach for hospitals in low-income countries. To increase the availability of cranioplasty, the authors of this work investigated the production of polymer-based endoprostheses. Recently, cheap, popular desktop 3D printers have generated sufficient opportunities to provide patients with on-demand and on-site help. This study also examines the technologies of 3D printing, including SLM, SLS, FFF, DLP, and SLA. The authors focused their interest on the materials in fabrication, which include PLA, ABS, PET-G, PEEK, and PMMA. Three-dimensional printed prostheses are modeled using widely available CAD software with the help of patient-specific DICOM files. Even though the topic is insufficiently researched, it can be perceived as a relatively safe procedure with a minimal complication rate. There have also been some initial studies on the costs and legal regulations. Early case studies provide information on dozens of patients living with self-made prostheses and who are experiencing significant improvements in their quality of life. Budget 3D-printed endoprostheses are reliable and are reported to be significantly cheaper than the popular counterparts manufactured from polypropylene polyester.

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“…always refer to the control cells, e.g., the cells that were not in contact with the material or extract. In such cases, the values of proliferation, for example, are determined relative to the material with the least complex composition [28,29]. The data presented in this article indicate that this approach may lead to different conclusions depending on the controls.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Toxicity of Biocompatible Materials Supporting Bone Regeneration: Impact of the Type of Assay and Used Controls

Chraniuk¹,

Panasiuk²,

Hovhannisyan³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Assessing the toxicity of new biomaterials dedicated to bone regeneration can be difficult. Many reports focus only on a single toxicity parameter, which may be insufficient for a detailed evaluation of the new material. Moreover, published data frequently do not include control cells exposed to the environment without composite or its extract. Here we present the results of two assays used in the toxicological assessment of materials’ extracts (the integrity of the cellular membrane and the mitochondrial activity/proliferation), and the influence of different types of controls used on the obtained results. Results obtained in the cellular membrane integrity assay showed a lack of toxic effects of all tested extracts, and no statistical differences between them were present. Control cells, cells incubated with chitosan extract or chitosan-bioglass extract were used as a reference in proliferation calculations to highlight the impact of controls used on the result of the experiment. The use of different baseline controls caused variability between obtained proliferation results, and influenced the outcome of statistical analysis. Our findings confirm the thesis that the type of control used in an experiment can change the final results, and it may affect the toxicological assessment of biomaterial.

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Polyetheretherketone and Its Composites for Bone Replacement and Regeneration

Cited by 80 publications

References 231 publications

Biologically modified implantation as therapeutic bioabsorbable materials for bone defect repair

Biologically modified implantation as therapeutic bioabsorbable materials for bone defect repair

Low-Cost Cranioplasty—A Systematic Review of 3D Printing in Medicine

Assessment of the Toxicity of Biocompatible Materials Supporting Bone Regeneration: Impact of the Type of Assay and Used Controls

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