Polyelectrolyte microcapsules as ionic liquid reservoirs within ionomer membrane to confer high anhydrous proton conductivity

Zhang, Haoqin; Wu, Wenjia; Li, Yifan; Liu, Yong; Wang, Jingtao; Zhang, Bing; Liu, Jindun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.066

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In these nanodomains, the PIL is also expected to settle, mainly. This is due to the electrostatic interactions between PIL ammonium cation and SO 3 H groups, causing aggregation of PIL and consequent broadening of ion clusters, to form interconnected channels, as already observed by Zhang et al Moreover, the interactions between the filler and sPEEK matrix promote a higher entropic driving force for phase separation …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The case of sample with 6 wt% zirconia is different: the results presented above suggest that interconnected zirconia channels were formed in this sample. According to Zhang et al, inside such type of matrix, the ionic liquid should be present in two forms: the free‐state, associated with fast release from the membrane, and bound‐state, associated with slower release from the membrane. In this sample, since a greater network of interconnected channels is formed, there should be more ionic liquid in the high mobility free‐state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PIL loss and retention were evaluated through gravimetric measurements. The procedure was similar as described elsewhere . Samples were weighed in dry state, and then, immersed in deionized water for different amounts of time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Properties of New sPEEK/Zirconia/Protic Ionic Liquid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Batalha

Dahmouche

Sampaio

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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technologies. [1] The fuel cell (FC) is a device that, as an internal combustion engine, uses a kind of chemical fuel as a source of energy. However, such as a battery, the chemical energy is directly converted to electrical energy, [2] in a very simple and efficient way, overcoming the limitations in outcome imposed by a thermal machine cycle, in which the chemical energy is first converted to heat, and only then to electrical or mechanical energy.The current scenario arose once again investors' and researchers' interest for this technology in the last ten years. The expectation fed by the current world energy outlook is that this next century be of gradual transition from a "Hydrocarbon Economy" to a "Hydrogen Economy," with intense decrease of fossil fuel reserves. From the environmental point of view, the substitution of automobiles with internal combustion engines for those moved by hydrogen, for example, can promote air quality and climate conditions improvements, as well as in population health, by the elimination of exhaust gases Hybrid organic-inorganic membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK), zirconium oxide, and the protic ionic liquid (PIL) diethylmethylamine triflate ([dema][T f OH]) have been synthesized. Their structure has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and smallangle X-ray scattering and correlated to their electrical and thermomechanical properties. The membranes present good mechanical and chemical stabilities, as well as thermal stability over 300 °C. Zirconia contents up to 5 wt% (10 wt% PIL) lead to the formation of isolated zirconia-rich aggregates dispersed in the polymer matrix, constituted of spatially correlated zirconia nanoparticles. This segregation of zirconia species in nanodomains, interacting with sulfonic groups of sPEEK, inhibits conductivity. Differently, zirconia content of 6 wt% (10 wt% PIL) induces a conductivity much higher than pristine sPEEK, due to the formation of an extended fractal structure in the whole sample, constituted of connected zirconia-rich aggregates. Interaction of PIL molecules with the zirconia aggregates along this extended structure shall form new conducting channels for ion transport, favoring conductivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Properties of New sPEEK/Zirconia/Protic Ionic Liquid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Batalha

Dahmouche

Sampaio

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…The incorporation of ionic liquids into polymer matrix was utilized via two methods. The first method involved adding ionic liquids directly into the casting solution or by impregnating them into polymer membrane matrix [201][202][203][204]. The second involved attaching or embedding the ionic liquids on a filler and then introducing them into the polymer matrix or grafting them directly onto the polymer [205][206][207].…”

Section: Proton-conducting Ionic Liquids (Pcils)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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“…A well‐studied method to produce microcapsules is through the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolyte nanoshells onto dissolvable cores . Recent reports have demonstrated the ability for microcapsules to effectively contain payloads of different kinds including hydrophilic dyes, moisture, concentrated acid solutions, ionic liquids, hydrophobic volatile molecules, enzymes, and living cells . More exotic applications of multilayered microcapsules have included wound sealing and self‐propelled delivery particles .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Interfacial Properties in Silk Ionomer Microcapsules with Tailored Multilayer Interactions

Geryak

Quigley

Kim

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Microencapsulation techniques represent a critical step in realizing highly controlled transport of functional materials in multiphase systems. The first demonstration of microcapsules prepared from minimally grafted silk ionomers (silk fibroin modified with cationic/anionic charge groups) are presented here. These tailored biomacromolecules have shown significantly increased biocompatibility over traditional polyelectrolytes and heavily grafted silk ionomers, but the low grafting density had previously limited attempts to fabricate stable microcapsules. In addition, the first microcapsules from polyethylene-glycol-grafted silk ionomers are fabricated and the corresponding impact on microcapsule behavior is demonstrated. The materials are shown to exhibit pH-responsive properties, with the microcapsules demonstrating an approx. tenfold decrease in stiffness and an approx. threefold change in diffusion coefficient when moving from acidic to basic buffer. Finally, the effect of assembly conditions of the microcapsules are shown to play a large role in determining final properties, with microcapsules prepared in acidic buffers showing lower roughness, stiffness, and an inversion in transport behavior (i.e., permeability decreases at higher pH).

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Polyelectrolyte microcapsules as ionic liquid reservoirs within ionomer membrane to confer high anhydrous proton conductivity

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

Structure and Properties of New sPEEK/Zirconia/Protic Ionic Liquid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Structure and Properties of New sPEEK/Zirconia/Protic Ionic Liquid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Tunable Interfacial Properties in Silk Ionomer Microcapsules with Tailored Multilayer Interactions

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