Polyelectrolyte Matrices in the Modulation of Intermolecular Electrostatic Interactions for Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Polyelectrolyte polymers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field as excipients to facilitate various drug delivery systems. Polyelectrolytes have been used to modulate the electrostatic environment and enhance favorable interactions between the drug and the polymer in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared mainly by hot-melt extrusion. Polyelectrolytes have been used alone, or in combination with nonionic polymers as interpolyelectrolyte complexes, or after the addition of small molecular additives. They were found to enhance physical stability by favoring stabilizing intermolecular interactions, as well as to exert an antiplasticizing effect. Moreover, they not only enhance drug dissolution, but they have also been used for maintaining supersaturation, especially in the case of weakly basic drugs that tend to precipitate in the intestine. Additional uses include controlled and/or targeted drug release with enhanced physical stability and ease of preparation via novel continuous processes. Polyelectrolyte matrices, used along with scalable manufacturing methods in accordance with green chemistry principles, emerge as an attractive viable alternative for the preparation of ASDs with improved physical stability and biopharmaceutic performance.

Fabrication and Characterization of Cu2+-Driven PTFE-Reinforced Artificial Muscle Polymer Membrane for Water Purification and Energy Harvesting Applications

“…The enhancement of strength in the polymer is attributed to its crystalline phase, which is characterized by more significant intermolecular bonding [ 19 ]. Thus, in addition to the presence of crystallinity in Nafion, Figure 5 a demonstrates that the incorporation of copper and silver through electroless plating into Nafion membranes enhanced their strength by 50% in comparison with the pure membrane [ 20 ].…”

“…Figure 5a-c demonstrates the force-displacement curves, Young's modulus, and elongation strain of Nafion membranes coated with copper and silver, and their corresponding results are shown in Table 1. The enhancement of strength in the polymer is attributed to its crystalline phase, which is characterized by more significant intermolecular bonding [19]. Thus, in addition to the presence of crystallinity in Nafion, Figure 5a demonstrates that the incorporation of copper and silver through electroless plating into Nafion membranes enhanced their strength by 50% in comparison with the pure membrane [20].…”

Fluorescent Multifunctional Organic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging: A Tutorial Review

“…Hot melt extrusion (HME) involves the processing of PE or polymeric materials at temperatures above their melting point or glass transition to achieve ionic interaction or molecular-level mixing with an active compound. As with microemulsions, no solvent is needed for the fabrication process [51,97,112]. HME has been traditionally used for developing solid particles such as granules and microgranules, while recent advances have been explored by coupling HME with additional technologies.…”