Polyelectrolyte complexes: mechanisms, critical experimental aspects, and applications

Kulkarni, Abhijeet D.; Vanjari, Yogesh H; Sancheti, Karan; Patel, Harun; Belgamwar, Veena S.; Surana, Sanjay J.; Pardeshi, Chandrakantsing V.

doi:10.3109/21691401.2015.1129624

Cited by 126 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…solution was unaffected to the order of addition, confirming that the particle formation process is kinetically controlled [63][64][65]. nm.…”

Section: Charge Ratio Influence On Net Charge Dimensions and Morpholmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Conductimetric titration was used to follow ELP/DNA complex formation by adding progressively a given volume of ELP solution at 0.2 g/L to 20 mL calf-thymus DNA solution at controlled pH (6.5) and at 0.01 g/L under continuous stirring. Conventional slow dropwise mixing of positively charged ELPs to a negatively charged DNA solution having a known amount of DNA molecules was selected for these measurements in order to avoid the aggregate formation [63][64][65]. Conductivity of the solution was measured after 5 minutes of stabilization.…”

Section: Conductimetric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, complex formation was monitored by ζ-potential measurements upon the progressive addition of ELP derivative (0.2 g/L) into the DNA solution (0.03, 0.01 or 0.005 g/L) at controlled pH (6.0 for calf-thymus DNA and 7.4 for pUC19 plasmid DNA), under continuous agitation. As well as for conductimetric titrations, slow dropwise mixing of positively charged ELPs to a negatively charged DNA solution was also selected [63][64][65]. After each addition, stabilization of the ELP/DNA complex was reached after 5 min.…”

Section: ζ-Potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since CT-DNA is a well-known and characterized nucleic acid sample [59,75,81], it was used as model of nucleic acid in order to study the role of electrostatic interactions between positively-charged ELPs and DNA in the stoichiometry during the CT-DNA /ELPs complexation process. As mentioned in the methods section, slow dropwise mixing of positively charged ELPs derivatives to a negatively charged DNA solution was performed to avoid the aggregate formation [63][64][65].…”

Section: Stoichiometry Of Dna/elps Complexes In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ζ-potential was monitored during progressive addition of positively charged ELPs to a CT-DNA solution in water at a defined pH, as shown inFigures 3a and b. Using this method, polyelectrolyte complexes were formed through the addition of the cationic biopolymer to the anionic polyelectrolyte (cationic/anionic complexes) avoiding aggregates formation[63][64][65]. ζ-potential was expected to reach zero value when S/P=1 and (N+S)/P=1, for complexes formed between positively22 charged ELP(-CCH) and CT-DNA/ELP(-NH 2 ) or CT-DNA/ELP(-NHCH 3 ), respectively, with strongly negatively charged DNA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nucleic acids complexation with cationic elastin-like polypeptides: Stoichiometry and stability of nano-assemblies

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Positively charged elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) were synthesized for the compaction of genetic material. A recombinant ELP (VPGXG) 40 with X=V,M (3:1) was post-modified in two steps to introduce chemoselectively either primary or secondary amine pendant groups at each methionine residue. Positively charged ELPs were characterized by SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, 1 H NMR, potentiometric titrations and dynamic light scattering to assess their purity and determine their degree of functionalization, molecular weight, isoelectric point and thermo-responsive behaviour. Electrostatic complexation between the different ELP derivatives and nucleic acids was studied to determine the stoichiometry of ELP S /nucleic acids complex formation, and to find optimal conditions leading to stable nanoparticles with controlled size and surface potential. The stability of these complexes was investigated in the presence of salts at physiological concentrations and in the presence of surfactant. This study revealed that two regimes of stable nanoparticles in terms of size and charge can be obtained from the electrostatic complexation between the primary amine containing ELP derivative, ELP(-NH 2 ), and plasmid DNA. Resulting complexes were found to be stable to dissociation for charge ratios up to 2.5 under physiological salt concentrations (154 mM NaCl), showing that plasmid DNA was completely condensed by the polycationic ELP and protected against electrolyte-mediated dissociation.

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“…solution was unaffected to the order of addition, confirming that the particle formation process is kinetically controlled [63][64][65]. nm.…”

Section: Charge Ratio Influence On Net Charge Dimensions and Morpholmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Conductimetric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ζ-Potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stoichiometry Of Dna/elps Complexes In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleic acids complexation with cationic elastin-like polypeptides: Stoichiometry and stability of nano-assemblies

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Hydrogels Based on Nanocellulose and Chitosan: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties

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Wet‐Spinning of Biocompatible Core–Shell Polyelectrolyte Complex Fibers for Tissue Engineering

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et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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well water-soluble. The water solubility and ionic nature enable PEC solidification in solvent-free environments without the use of toxic additives like initiators or crosslinkers. In addition, biohybrid or completely natural materials can be fabricated, as synthetic polyelectrolytes are readily pairable with natural ones, like chitosan, alginate, or hyaluronic acid [10-12] Moreover, the vast amount of possible base polymers for polyelectrolyte complexation allows the precise adjustment of PEC properties. These include charge density, functional groups, as well as the fabrication of biodegradable materials. As a result, PECs demonstrate significant advantages compared to conventional polymers applied in the biomedical field, where materials interact with sensitive biomolecules or living cells. These properties already led to the successful application of PECs as fibrous scaffolds, hydrogels, capsules and membrane materials. [9,10,13-22] Yim [7] developed PEC scaffolds for the precise delivery and release of various biomolecules such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and nerve growth factors (NGF). They were able to show that PEC fibers can be easily embedded in both a hydrophilic polysaccharide as well as a hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix, which improved the preservation of cargo molecules while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of sustained release. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) cultivated on NGF-loaded scaffolds showed enhanced differentiation into the neural lineage outlining the cargo release functionality of their composite scaffolds. Gomes [10] demonstrated the continuous fabrication of multicomponent PEC fibers within a Y-shaped microfluidic chip via a two-step crosslinking technique. The prepolymer solutions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid were doped with alginate and extruded into a calcium chloride bath, where alginate was ionically crosslinked by calcium ions. The alginate-fixated prepolymers were subsequently photo crosslinked by UV light to achieve stable PEC fibers. Additionally, human tendon derived cells (hTDC) were encapsulated into the hydrogel fibers to assess the applicability as tissue engineering scaffold. Their results indicate a cell viability of above 80% over 14 days of cultivation. However, besides the major advantages and successfully developed PEC products for life-science applications, there are still many challenges with regard to the implementation of an Polyelectrolyte complex fibers (PEC fibers) have great potential with regard to biomedical applications as they can be fabricated from biocompatible and water-soluble polyelectrolytes under mild process conditions. The present publication describes a novel method for the continuous fabrication of PEC fibers in a water-based wet-spinning process by interfacial complexation within a core-shell spinneret. This process combines the robustness and flexibility of nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) spinning processes conventionally used in the membrane industry with th...

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Polyelectrolyte complexes: mechanisms, critical experimental aspects, and applications

Cited by 126 publications

References 69 publications

Nucleic acids complexation with cationic elastin-like polypeptides: Stoichiometry and stability of nano-assemblies

Nucleic acids complexation with cationic elastin-like polypeptides: Stoichiometry and stability of nano-assemblies

Hydrogels Based on Nanocellulose and Chitosan: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties

Wet‐Spinning of Biocompatible Core–Shell Polyelectrolyte Complex Fibers for Tissue Engineering

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