Polyelectrolyte Complexation

Srivastava, Samanvaya; Tirrell, Matthew

doi:10.1002/9781119290971.ch7

Cited by 114 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…PC Periph and PC Int both tend to reach plateaus for actin concentrations above 0.1 μM; PC Periph values grow almost 10-fold before stabilizing at ≈45 once the global actin concentration reached 0.1 µM, while PC Int values increase over the range of actin concentrations investigated in the current study, and appear to approach a plateau value of ≈10. The saturation of the PC Periph with global actin concentration suggests that 7 exchange of protein between the polymer-dense and dilute phases occurs readily, as has been reported in other liquid phase-separated systems (4).…”

Section: Self-assembled F-actin Of Canonical Structure Localizes To Tsupporting

confidence: 63%

Partitioning and Enhanced Self-Assembly of Actin in Polypeptide Coacervates

McCall¹,

Srivastava

Perry³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Biomolecules exist and function in cellular micro-environments that control their spatial organization, local concentration and biochemical reactivity. Due to the complexity of native cytoplasm, the development of artificial bioreactors and cellular mimics to compartmentalize, concentrate and control the local physicochemical properties is of great interest. Here, we employ self-assembling polypeptide coacervates to explore the partitioning of the ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein actin into liquid polymer-rich droplets. We find that actin spontaneously partitions into coacervate droplets and is enriched by up to ≈30-fold. Actin polymerizes into micrometer-long filaments and, in contrast to the globular protein BSA, these filaments localize predominately to the droplet periphery. We observe up to a 50-fold enhancement in the actin filament assembly rate inside coacervate droplets, consistent with the enrichment of actin within the coacervate phase. Together these results suggest that coacervates can serve as a versatile platform in which to localize and enrich biomolecules to study their reactivity in physiological environments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLiving cells harbor many protein-rich membrane-less organelles, the biological functions of which are defined by compartment composition and properties. Significant differences between the physico-chemical properties of these crowded compartments and the dilute solutions in which biochemical reactions are traditionally studied pose a major challenge for understanding regulation of organelle composition and component activity. Here, we report the spontaneous partitioning and accelerated polymerization of the cytoskeletal protein actin inside model polypeptide coacervates as a proof-of-concept demonstration of coacervates as bioreactors for studying biomolecular reactions in cell-like environments. Our work introduces exciting avenues for the use of synthetic polymers to control the physical and biological properties of bioreactors in vitro, enabling studies of biochemical reactions in cell-like micro-environments.

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Section: Self-assembled F-actin Of Canonical Structure Localizes To Tsupporting

confidence: 63%

Partitioning and Enhanced Self-Assembly of Actin in Polypeptide Coacervates

McCall¹,

Srivastava

Perry³

et al. 2017

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The literature on polyelectrolyte solutions is vast, 1−159 encompassing a large body of publications over the past seven decades, based on experiments, 1−61 theory, 62−132 and simulations. 133−159 Because of the difficult nature of the subject, where every molecule essentially knows every other one in the system, the particular aspects of the various publications have been quite diverse.…”

Section: A Bird’s-eye View Of Literature On Polyelectrolyte Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61 These complexes become unstable upon addition of salt to the solution. What is the driving force for two oppositely charged polymers to form a polymeric pair?…”

Section: Electrostatically Driven Structure In Polyelectrolyte Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miscibility studies on mixtures of polyelectrolytes and other additives such as other polyelectrolytes, nonionic polymers, surfactants, and proteins are also known, primarily driven by applications in industry. In particular, the phenomenon of coacervation 61 in multicomponent systems of two oppositely charged polymers in salt-containing aqueous solutions has attracted renewed experimental interest. Almost all of the experimental investigations on multicomponent polyelectrolyte solutions are conducted at room temperature.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Instability and Phase Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable efforts have been made to rectify the approximations in the VO theory and to understand why the VO theory even works. 61,132 …”

Section: Thermodynamic Instability and Phase Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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50th Anniversary Perspective: A Perspective on Polyelectrolyte Solutions

2017

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From the beginning of life with the information-containing polymers until the present era of a plethora of water-based materials in health care industry and biotechnology, polyelectrolytes are ubiquitous with a broad range of structural and functional properties. The main attribute of polyelectrolyte solutions is that all molecules are strongly correlated both topologically and electrostatically in their neutralizing background of charged ions in highly polarizable solvent. These strong correlations and the necessary use of numerous variables in experiments on polyelectrolytes have presented immense challenges toward fundamental understanding of the various behaviors of charged polymeric systems. This Perspective presents the author’s subjective summary of several conceptual advances and the remaining persistent challenges in the contexts of charge and size of polymers, structures in homogeneous solutions, thermodynamic instability and phase transitions, structural evolution with oppositely charged polymers, dynamics in polyelectrolyte solutions, kinetics of phase separation, mobility of charged macromolecules between compartments, and implications to biological systems.

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Polysulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide between counterions and its applications

Vasantha

Biying

Parthiban

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Modified sulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide spacer between the counterions is synthesized and polymerized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique. The tertiary amide spacer influences various characteristics of the zwitterionic polymer. The modified polyzwitterion, PZI, forms coacervates in deionized water. The coacervates are thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmittance studies. The ability to form coacervate complexes with functional ingredients has been demonstrated by encapsulating renewable resource actives like ferulic acid. The coacervate complexes have been studied by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and automated sunscreen sun protection factor analyzer. Synergism is noticed in the coacervate complex. Because of its ability to form self-coacervates, this novel addition to the zwitterionic family is potentially useful for encapsulating many functional ingredients through coacervate complex formation.

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Polyelectrolyte Complexation

Cited by 114 publications

References 236 publications

Partitioning and Enhanced Self-Assembly of Actin in Polypeptide Coacervates

Partitioning and Enhanced Self-Assembly of Actin in Polypeptide Coacervates

50th Anniversary Perspective: A Perspective on Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Polysulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide between counterions and its applications

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