Polydrug epidemiology: Benzodiazepine prescribing and the drug overdose epidemic in the United States

Zoorob, Michael

doi:10.1002/pds.4417

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Five studies reported nine multivariable models of factors associated with opioid-related mortality or opioid-related factors associated with nonopioid-related deaths in older adults (Table 14). 90,107,[113][114][115] The models analyzed all-cause death; opioid-related death; nonopioid-specific death, including COPD-or pneumonia-related death; and drug overdose death (any drug). The models evaluated factors related to demographics; opioid use, misuse, and prescription; socioeconomic and related factors; clinician factors; and other substance use.…”

Section: Evidence Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults

Zullo¹,

Danko²,

Moyo³

et al. 2020

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None of the investigators have any affiliations or financial involvement that conflicts with the material presented in this report.The information in this report is intended to help healthcare decision makers-patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others-make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of healthcare services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. Anyone who makes decisions concerning the provision of clinical care should consider this report in the same way as any medical reference and in conjunction with all other pertinent information, i.e., in the context of available resources and circumstances presented by individual patients.This report is made available to the public under the terms of a licensing agreement between the author and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. This report may be used and reprinted without permission except those copyrighted materials that are clearly noted in the report. Further reproduction of those copyrighted materials is prohibited without the express permission of copyright holders. AHRQ or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of any derivative products that may be developed from this report, such as clinical practice guidelines, other quality enhancement tools, or reimbursement or coverage policies may not be stated or implied.AHRQ appreciates appropriate acknowledgment and citation of its work.

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Section: Evidence Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults

Zullo¹,

Danko²,

Moyo³

et al. 2020

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“…The most frequent poisoning in adults over the age of 20 came from analgesics (11.2%). This was followed by hypnotics, sedatives and antipsychotics (9.8%) and antidepressants (7.2%), which have high potential to depress the central nervous system and form pharmacological interaction with other drugs, foods and alcohol 5 . Misusing medications like this can induce liver, kidney and central nervous system damage, which are a physical and emotional burden on the population and have a negative impact on health system finances 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and single‐centre toxicology study identified analgesics and benzodiazepines as the main causes of paediatric medication poisoning

et al. 2020

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Aim This study evaluated medication poisoning in paediatric patients through a systematic review and a retrospective documentary analysis in a Brazilian toxicological centre. Methods The data were systematically collected on PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. We included epidemiologic and prevalence studies that were published in English or Portuguese from 2013 to 2017 and covered paediatric patients. The retrospective incidence study was carried out in a Brazilian toxicological centre and was a documentary analysis of paediatric medication poisoning cases from 2005 to 2015. Results The systematic review comprised 13 papers covering 895 206 poisoning cases from six different countries. The main agents of intoxication were analgesics and antihistamines. The eight papers that explored the reasons for the poisonings showed that 93% of those 762 863 cases were accidental. The Brazilian toxicological centre recorded 443 paediatric patients poisoned by medication such as benzodiazepines, analgesics and antibiotics and found that 63.2% were accidental. However, it agreed with the global findings in many other aspects. Conclusion The systematic review showed a sustained number of paediatric medication toxicity cases worldwide and the key findings were broadly reflected by the retrospective study carried out in the Brazilian toxicological centre.

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“…Opioids accounted for 61% of all drug-related overdoses in 2014 (1). Overdose death rates are highest when opioids and benzodiazepines are combined (2). It has become increasingly clear that over-prescription of these medications in the past two decades is a primary upstream driver of the crisis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health

Wiss

2019

Front. Public Health

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The opioid crisis has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with rising overdose death rates. Identifying the underlying factors that contribute to addiction vulnerability may lead to more effective prevention strategies. Supply side environmental factors are a major contributing component. Psychosocial factors such as stress, trauma, and adverse childhood experiences have been linked to emotional pain leading to self-medication. Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with brain reward pathways and impulsivity are known predictors of addiction vulnerability. This review attempts to present a biopsychosocial approach that connects various social and biological theories related to the addiction crisis. The emerging role of nutrition therapy with an emphasis on gastrointestinal health in the treatment of opioid use disorder is presented. The biopsychosocial model integrates concepts from several disciplines, emphasizing multicausality rather than a reductionist approach. Potential solutions at multiple levels are presented, considering individual as well as population health. This single cohesive framework is based on the interdependency of the entire system, identifying risk and protective factors that may influence substance-seeking behavior. Nutrition should be included as one facet of a multidisciplinary approach toward improved recovery outcomes. Cross-disciplinary collaborative efforts, new ideas, and fiscal resources will be critical to address the epidemic.

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Polydrug epidemiology: Benzodiazepine prescribing and the drug overdose epidemic in the United States

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults

Systematic review and single‐centre toxicology study identified analgesics and benzodiazepines as the main causes of paediatric medication poisoning

A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health

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