Polydopamine‐Modified Black Phosphorous Nanocapsule with Enhanced Stability and Photothermal Performance for Tumor Multimodal Treatments

Abstract

As a novel 2D material, black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets are considered as a promising candidate for drug delivery platform for synergistic chemo/photothermal therapy. However, the intrinsic instability of bare BP poses a challenge in its biomedical applications. To date, some strategies have been employed to prevent BP from rapid ambient degradation. Unfortunately, most of these strategies are not suitable for the drug delivery systems. Here, a simple polydopamine modification method is developed to enhance the stability and photothermal performance of bare BP nanosheets. Then, this nanocapsule is used as a multifunctional codelivery system for the targeted chemo, gene, and photothermal therapy against multidrug‐resistant cancer. The enhanced tumor therapy effect is demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies.

NIR‐Light‐Activated Combination Therapy with a Precise Ratio of Photosensitizer and Prodrug Using a Host–Guest Strategy

“…The construction of co‐delivery systems renders greater therapeutic effect compared to a single treatment modality. Even though numerous studies have been reported in this field, the lack of an effective method to fine‐tune the ratio of co‐loaded therapeutic agents has obstructed successful cancer treatment. There are three popular strategies employed for the co‐delivery of PSs with prodrugs: i) the covalent conjugation of a PS to a prodrug, ii) grafting the PS or drug with a carrier, and loading the other component as the cargo, iii) co‐loading the two components within a carrier, such as polymers and inorganic porous nanoparticles .…”

Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy

“…c) Schematic illustration of BP‐D@PDA for cancer therapy. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH.…”

“…To improve the efficiency of PTT‐synergized chemotherapy, ligands can be attached to the 2D nanomaterials for active targeting. Zeng et al . employed BP nanosheets modified with NH 2 ‐PEG‐Apt as a drug delivery platform, which showed improved stability and targeting ability (Figure c).…”

A Bacteriochlorin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet Superoxide Radical Generator for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy

“…[39,40] Compared to the traditional inorganic/organic nanoparticles, MOF offers adjustable structural and chemical composition at the molecular level together with tunable porosity and chemical stability, which can as transport vehicles for the delivery of imaging agents and biologically active molecules realize accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumors. [45] 2D nanosheets with large surface area, unique physical, and chemical properties have been widely used as theranostic agents for cancer treatment, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, [46][47][48] boron nanosheets, [42] accomplishing multimodal imaging-guided synergistic treatment. [43] Porphyrin-based MOF that have been developed so far for potential PDT outcome, however, almost all of them are compounded with other nanoparticles to form new compounds for synergistic treatment (such as PDT-PTT, PDT-Radiation therapy), [44] the complex structures would reduce the clinical medical value.…”