Polydiacetylenes – recent molecular advances and applications

Abstract

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) comprise a class of chromatic polymers which have attracted significant interest over the past 40 years as a promising platform for chemo-and bio-sensing. Specifically, the unique colorimetric and fluorescent transformations of PDA, induced by varied external stimuli, are a core property of these polymers, and have been widely exploited for diverse applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments in PDA chemistry, materials, and practical applications. We summarize the progress in development of new synthetic routes and assembly methods resulting in enhanced chromatic properties and interesting molecular configurations. We further outline the challenges that still exist for practical utilization of PDA technology, and possible future directions.

Conducting polymer-supported palladium nanoplates for applications in direct alcohol oxidation

“…The conducting polymers are currently being investigated as matrices to incorporate noble metal catalysts for the electrooxidation of small molecules such as hydrogen, methanol and formic acid, etc [23e25]. Poly(diacetylene) is one of the interesting research targets among p-conjugated polymers having fascinating physicochemical properties with good mechanical strength, chemical stability and high conductivity, which make it promising for applications in electrochemical and bio-electrochemical sensors [26,27]. Hence, introducing a conducting polymer into the electrode catalyst layer renders the use of Pd nanoplates more effective.…”

Isomorphous Crystals from Diynes and Bromodiynes Involved in Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds

“…The diyne systems are parallel as requested; nevertheless, the angle of the reactive carbons and mostly their distance separations are not favorable, being distorted and much too long, respectively (Figure 4). Topochemical polymerization of diacetylene is also prevented because there is no long range parallel stacking of diynes [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. …”

In Planta Microsphere-Based Lateral Flow Leaf Biosensor in Maize

“…Although this initial report focuses on the demonstration of in planta detection of a fluorescent mock pathogen (i.e., fluorescein) only, with further development, particularly with the incorporation of colorimetric, stimuli-responsive PDA vesicles (Fig. 4), 15,16 this technology is likely to yield an equipmentfree and colorimetric in planta diagnosis. We anticipate that such an innovative tool will make a significant impact on improving the yield of healthy food crops by smallholder farmers in developing countries worldwide.…”

“…By modifying the established agroinfiltration procedure, we inject and immobilize capture-antibody-conjugated microspheres in the leaf interstitium. Our one-step lateral flow detection platform aims to target fluorescent biomarkers (e.g., aflatoxins) or to incorporate the use of detection-sensitive, colorimetric polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles 15,16 to eliminate the need for two-step sandwich assays for nonfluorescent biomarkers. In this study, we successfully detect a mock pathogen, fluorescein, using infiltrated microspheres conjugated with anti-fluorescein antibody (Fig.…”