Polydiacetylene-Coated Sensor Strip for Immunochromatic Detection of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa

Abstract

This study presents a sensor strip for user-friendly, naked-eye detection of Xylella fasitdiosa, the bacterial causal agent of Pierce's disease in grapevine. This sensor uses anti- X. fastidiosa antibodies conjugated to a polydiacetylene layer on a polyvinylidene fluoride strip to generate specific color transitions and discriminate levels of the pathogen. The detection limit of the sensor is 0.8 × 10 cells/mL, which is similar to bacterial load in grapevine 18 days following bacterial inoculation. This sensor enables equipment-free detection that is highly desirable for in-field diagnostic tools in resource-limited settings.

Polydiacetylene-based sensors for food applications

“…DA monomers can be dissolved in a polar solvent and be directly deposited onto substrates such as glass, paper, or silica plates. 22,34 These films are less organized and therefore polymerization efficiency is less than other methods. However, the process can be repeated to build multiple layers of PDA to increase the color intensity of the sensor.…”

Aptamer-Conjugated Polydiacetylene Colorimetric Paper Chip for the Detection of Bacillus thuringiensis Spores

“…Conversion of TCDA to succinimidyl active esters was carried out as previously reported [22]. Briefly, 0.25 g (0.72 mmol) of TCDA, 0.26 g (1.35 mmol) of EDC-HCl and 0.12 g (1.07 mmol) of NHS were dissolved in 4 mL of methylene chloride.…”

“…In general, analyte-specific PDA sensors have been studied in the form of liposomes [17,18], Langmuir-Blodgett films [19], silica beads [20], and strips [21][22][23]. Among those methods, paper strips provide a suitable platform for simple, real-time testing [24,25].…”

Polydiacetylene Supramolecules: Synthesis, Characterization, and Emerging Applications

“…Since the initial development of PDA films by Wegner in 1969, PDA materials have been prepared in a variety of forms and composed as mixtures with other lipid constituents . Currently, PDAs are most commonly synthesized as self-assembled bilayer liposomes in aqueous solutions; ,,− however, recent developments in PDA biosensors have given rise to the immobilization of PDA liposomes on solid substrates, such as microbeads and cellulose membranes. , More recent applications have employed PDA materials with host matrixes, including sol–gel materials, ,− fibrous scaffolds, graphene sheets, and polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. ,− The use of fluorescent red-phase PDA has also been explored in highly sensitive microarray assays and microfluidic chip sensors. , The properties and applications of PDA materials have been reviewed and discussed over the years. − However, as PDA technology progresses, researchers continue to establish a wide variety of methods to synthesize and design PDA platforms. There is a need to tabulate these approaches to better facilitate advancement and prepare new researchers interested in PDA technologies.…”