Polydextrose Alleviates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Abstract

The soluble dietary fiber polydextrose (PDX) is a randomly linked glucose oligomer containing small amounts of sorbitol and citric acid and is widely used in the food industry. However, whether PDX can prevent and treat obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice has not been directly investigated, and further studies are needed to better understand the complex interactions among PDX, adipose tissue inflammation and the gut microbiota. In the present study, PDX reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), adipose tissue accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, PDX alleviated serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and macrophage infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue and resulted in macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PDX promoted the growth of beneficial microbes such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Alloprevotella, Muribaculum, Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and UBA1819 in obese mice, which were negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat, epididymal fat, body weight, FBG, serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and LPS levels. Our results indicates that PDX can prevent and treat obesity in HFD-fed mice, specifically in alleviating glucolipid metabolism disorders and adipose tissue inflammation, which may be mediated by modulating the structure of the gut microbiota. Therefore, PDX may become a promising nondrug therapy for obesity.

Effect of theaflavin-3,3′-digallate on leptin-deficient induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease might be related to lipid metabolism regulated by the Fads1/PPARδ/Fabp4 axis and gut microbiota

“…Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 also produces SCFAs, which stimulates glucagon secretion and increases satiety to regulate fat synthesis and cholesterol in the liver and inhibit weight gain ( Maljaars et al, 2008 ; Wang M. et al, 2019 ). Previous studies had shown that high-fat diet–induced obese mice had a higher abundance of GCA-900066575 than wild mice ( Li et al, 2020 ; Hu Q. et al, 2021 ). However, we found that the abundance of GCA-900066575 increased in the H-TF3 group rather than in ob/ob obese mice.…”

Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUIDS14 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice in association with modulation in the gut microbiota

“…Coprostanoligenes is a central fecal microbial group for individuals on HFD, mainly through sphingosine to mediate blood lipid metabolism ( 60 ). Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 , Ruminiclostridium 1 , and Allobaculum are SCFA-producing microbiota and play important roles in maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract ( 61 – 63 ), improving NASH ( 64 ), and alleviating adipose tissue inflammation ( 65 ). Consistent with other studies ( 66 , 67 ), HFD-fed mice had fewer Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminiclostridium 1 , and Allobaculum than the NFD group, while L. plantarum ZJUIDS14 treatment reversed their relative abundance in the colon of HFD-fed mice.…”

Effects of Resveratrol Administration in Liver Injury Prevention as Induced by an Obesogenic Diet: Role of Ruminococcaceae

“…The results achieved in the present study agree with those previously reported by other authors. Thus, a study exploring adipose tissue inflammation and gut microbiota interactions revealed that the administration of Polydextrose to obese mice (fed a high-fat diet) promoted the growth of microbes including Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and UBA-1819 , and that all of them were negatively correlated with body weight and fat content, glucose, and inflammation markers [ 51 ]. The involvement of further mechanisms underlying the effects of resveratrol intake cannot be discarded.…”