Polydactyly of the foot

Abstract

Fifty-six patients with 72 duplicated toes were analysed. Postaxial duplication accounted for 79%, and the most common anatomical pattern was duplication of the proximal phalanx with a wide metatarsal head. Forty-two patients with 55 duplications were clinically and radiographically evaluated at long-term follow-up (mean 22.5 years). Results were satisfactory in 91% of the patients. Poor results were often associated with preaxial polydactyly because of persistent hallux varus. Surgical treatment is usually straightforward but must be individualized, and some anatomical and surgical details should be considered to obtain a better result.

New Insights into Kleefstra Syndrome: Report of Two Novel Cases with Previously Unreported Features and Literature Review

“…Patient 2 exhib- Stewart et al, 2004;Yatsenko et al, 2005;Kleefstra et al, 2006Kleefstra et al, , 2009Willemsen et al, 2012;Hadzsiev et al, 2016. ited a previously unreported foot feature, namely, postaxial polydactyly. Polydactyly is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary toes or phalanges, with or without metatarsals; this anomaly may occur as an isolated feature or in association with particular genetic conditions [Temtamy and McKusick, 1978;Turra et al, 2007]. Polydactyly has a slightly higher prevalence in males, and geographical variations have been reported: the incidence is 0.3-2.3/1,000 live births in Caucasians and 3.6-13.9/1,000 live births in Africans [Finley et al, 1994;Turra et al, 2007].…”

New Classification of Polydactyly of the Foot on the Basis of Syndactylism, Axis Deviation and Metatarsal Extent of Extra-Digit

“…Many attempts to classify polydactyly of the foot have been described in past publications [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Numerous authors, feeling the need for an organized overview, have attempted to devise a classification system for polydactyly of the foot.…”

“…The surgical methods are diverse, and the prognosis varies greatly. Nevertheless, classification of polydactyly of the foot has received little attention relative to that of the hand, although some authors have attempted to classify polydactyly of the foot in past publications [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Their cases were usually classified by representative conventional systems used in hand polydactyly, such as the Wassel classifica-tion [11], Stelling and Turek's classification [12], and the Hirase classification [13].…”

Malformations of the first ray of the foot in children: diagnosis, clinical picture, treatment

“…Отечественные и зарубежные авторы соглас-ны, что раннее оперативное лечение является наиболее целесообразным, поскольку стопа детей младшего возраста обладает высокими пласти-ческими возможностями и потенцией к ремоде-лированию, а восстановление кровообращения и функции нервно-мышечного аппарата про-исходит в более короткие сроки и сопровожда-ется лучшими функциональными результатами [9,10,13,14].…”

“…Большинство неудач свя-зано со стойкой варусной деформацией первого пальца [14]. Удаление дополнительного рудимен-тарного пальца не вызывает затруднений.…”