Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Conditions, Genetics and Current Cure

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the general disorders of endocrine system affecting around 7 to 10% of reproductive age women and is the leading cause of Female infertility [1]. Polycystic ovary syndrome has characteristic polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism and anovulation. It is a wide reproductive disorder that umbrellas many related health conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and PCOS can be related with metabolic disorders in the first-line family members [1,2]. PCOS has Insulin resistance as key pathophysiology and dyslipidemia in women with PCOS can hence be found in the insulin resistant state [3]. Despite the increasing cases of this syndrome and decades of research, the cause of PCOS is incompletely unknown, but various studies describe it as an internal ovarian abnormality. PCOS has no medicinal cure [4], but oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), anti-androgens and insulin controlling drug like metformin can help with improving the regularity of periods and other metabolic conditions [5]. In this review, the conditions in PCOS, genetic factors and genes involved, current treatments and future perspective of PCOS has been briefly discussed.