Polycystic ovary syndrome: An updated review

Priya, Muthusamy Ranga; Nanthini, A. Usha Raja; Bini, KP

doi:10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_9_19

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…PCOS is a chronic endocrinological disease affecting young women and leading to infertility (Rodriguez Paris & Bertoldo, 2019). PCOS is frequently associated with oxidative stress (Diamanti‐Kandarakis, 2010; Priya et al, 2018). Increased oxidative stress levels are observed in PCOS patients and are always associated with low‐grade inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nimbin analog N2 alleviates high testosterone induced oxidative stress in CHO cells and alters the expression of Tox3 and Dennd1a signal transduction pathway involved in the PCOS zebrafish

Sudhakaran

Rajesh

Murugan

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that causes enlargement of ovaries and follicular maturation arrest, which lacks efficient treatment. N2, a semi-natural triterpenoid from the neem family, was already reported to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in our previous report. This study investigated the anti-androgenic property of N2 on testosterone-induced oxidative stress in Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells (CHO) and PCOS zebrafish model. The testosterone exposure disrupted the antioxidant enzymes and ROS level and enhanced the apoptosis in both CHO cells and PCOS zebrafish. However, N2 significantly protected the CHO cells from ROS and apoptosis. N2 improved the Gonado somatic index (GSI) and upregulated the expression of the SOD enzyme in zebrafish ovaries. Moreover, the testosterone-induced follicular maturation arrest was normalized by N2 treatment in histopathology studies. In addition, the gene expression studies of Tox3 and Denndla in zebrafish demonstrated that N2 could impair PCOS condition. Furthermore, to confirm the N2 activity, the in-silico studies were performed against PCOS susceptible genes Tox3 and Dennd1a using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. The results suggested that N2 alleviated the oxidative stress and apoptosis in-vitro and in-vivo and altered the expression of PCOS key genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nimbin analog N2 alleviates high testosterone induced oxidative stress in CHO cells and alters the expression of Tox3 and Dennd1a signal transduction pathway involved in the PCOS zebrafish

Sudhakaran

Rajesh

Murugan

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological, endocrine disorder (8.7 to 17.8% of reproductive age women). It is most commonly observed in young women [66,67]. The main features of the syndrome are irregular menses (oligomenorrhea), anovulation, obesity, hirsutism, impaired glucose tolerance, and multiple ovarian cysts.…”

Section: Melatonin Clock Genes and Gonadotropins Disruption: The Case Of Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin, Clock Genes, and Mammalian Reproduction: What Is the Link?

Brzezinski

Rai

Purohit

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Physiological processes and behaviors in many mammals are rhythmic. Recently there has been increasing interest in the role of circadian rhythmicity in the control of reproductive function. The circadian rhythm of the pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in synchronizing the reproductive responses of animals to environmental light conditions. There is some evidence that melatonin may have a role in the biological regulation of circadian rhythms and reproduction in humans. Moreover, circadian rhythms and clock genes appear to be involved in optimal reproductive performance. These rhythms are controlled by an endogenous molecular clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which is entrained by the light/dark cycle. The SCN synchronizes multiple subsidiary oscillators (clock genes) existing in various tissues throughout the body. The basis for maintaining the circadian rhythm is a molecular clock consisting of transcriptional/translational feedback loops. Circadian rhythms and clock genes appear to be involved in optimal reproductive performance. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the interrelationships between melatonin and the endogenous molecular clocks and their involvement in reproductive physiology (e.g., ovulation) and pathophysiology (e.g., polycystic ovarian syndrome).

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“…7 Theca of ovary secrete high levels of androgens due to an intrinsic activation of steroidogenesis even in the absence of trophic factors. 8 Oxidative stress can itself induce insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in patients with PCOS. 9 Many patients seek medical treatment for acne, hirsutism, irregular or absent menses and infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low dose-extended letrozole versus double dose-short letrozole protocol for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome

Jahan

Deeba

Ishrat

et al. 2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor has been regarded as the first line drug for ovulation induction in anovulatory PCOS patients because of its monofollicular growth and there is no chance of hyperstimulation by letrozole. Traditional protocol of letrozole includes administration of letrozole for 5 days in first half of follicular phase which induces ovulation in 61.7% cases. Few recent studies have shown that extended letrozole protocol causes more follicles to grow and induces more ovulation than the traditional protocol. The aim was to compare the effects of low dose-extended letrozole protocol and double dose-short letrozole protocol for ovulation induction in infertile PCOS patients.Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in the department of reproductive endocrinology and Infertility at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) on seventy infertile polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Low dose-extended letrozole group or experimental group received tablet letrozole 2.5 mg daily for 10 days and double dose-short letrozole group or control group received tab. Letrozole 5 mg daily for 5 days starting from the 2nd day of menstrual cycle or withdrawal bleeding. The ovarian response was assessed by folliculometry on day 12 of menstrual cycle by transvaginal sonography for measurement of total number of growing follicles, biggest follicle size and endometrial thickness. Mid luteal serum progesterone was measured on day 21-23 to confirm ovulation.Results: The mean number of growing follicle was 1.440.95 versus 0.990.65 in low dose-extended letrozole group and double dose-short letrozole group respectively generating p value of 0.001. The mean size of the dominant follicle at day 12 was greater in low dose-extended letrozole group than the other displaying 17.69±3.63 mm and 16.6±3.49 mm respectively but the difference was not statistically significant. The number of ovulating patients was greater in low dose-extended letrozole group (76.5% versus 71.9%), but without significant statistical difference. Pregnancy rate was insignificantly greater in low dose-extended letrozole group (23.5% versus 18.8%) as well.Conclusions: Low dose-extended letrozole protocol produces more multifollicular growth and larger size dominant follicle with a trend to raise the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate, though insignificantly.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome: An updated review

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Nimbin analog N2 alleviates high testosterone induced oxidative stress in CHO cells and alters the expression of Tox3 and Dennd1a signal transduction pathway involved in the PCOS zebrafish

Nimbin analog N2 alleviates high testosterone induced oxidative stress in CHO cells and alters the expression of Tox3 and Dennd1a signal transduction pathway involved in the PCOS zebrafish

Melatonin, Clock Genes, and Mammalian Reproduction: What Is the Link?

Low dose-extended letrozole versus double dose-short letrozole protocol for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome

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