Polycystic ovaries and associated clinical and biochemical features in young women

Michelmore, K. F.; Balen, Adam; Dunger, David B.; Vessey, Martin

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00886.x

Cited by 367 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A PCOS prevalence from 4.7 to 8% in the general population has been reported [21,22,23,24,25]. The adolescents in the present study come from a population of girls with a history of ICPP who have a high prevalence of signs suggestive of hyperandrogenism (menstrual disturbances, hirsutism, acne).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration of Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Adolescent Girls with a History of Central Precocious Puberty with versus without Hyperandrogenism

et al. 2007

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Some adolescents with a history of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) develop hyperandrogenism. Hypothesis: Luteinizing hormone (LH) hypersecretion could be a common mechanism underlying ICPP and polycystic ovary syndrome. Aim: To explore the GnRH-LH axis in those patients. Design: To compare overnight LH secretion in 7 healthy adolescents (CG) with that in patients with prior ICPP [5 with (CPPA) and 7 without (CPPB) hyperandrogenism]. To analyze daytime LH secretion in those patients. Methods: LH secretion was quantified by immunofluorometry and deconvolution analysis. Results: Nighttime mean LH (international units/liter) was higher in CPPA (6.9 ± 1.5) than in CPPB (3.2 ± 0.4, p < 0.05) and CG (2.9 ± 0.4, p < 0.01). Deconvolution analysis revealed a greater nighttime LH frequency (pulses/hour) both in CPPA (0.91 ± 0.06, p < 0.01) and CPPB (0.74 ± 0.02, p < 0.05) than in CG (0.45 ± 0.07). CPPA patients maintained a higher frequency than CPPB. Pulsatile LH production was greater in CPPA than in CG (50 ± 12 vs. 18 ± 3 IU/l/day, p < 0.01). Daytime mass of LH released per burst and pulsatile production rate were significantly greater in CPPA than in CPPB patients. Conclusions: Hyperandrogenic adolescents with prior ICPP show increased pulsatile LH secretion. Augmentation of LH pulsatility may predispose to or cause hyperandrogenism in some adolescents with a history of precocious puberty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration of Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Adolescent Girls with a History of Central Precocious Puberty with versus without Hyperandrogenism

et al. 2007

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“…PCO is a morphological finding established on ultrasound, usually defined as the presence of 12 or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm in diameter, or increased ovarian volume (>10 cm 3 ) [181]. Up to 33% of a general population may exhibit PCO, while only a fraction of those cases will be accompanied by other endocrine disturbances associated with PCOS [182]. The relationship between PCO and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is not clearly understood, as ultrasound findings of PCO are often asymptomatic and not associated with other elements of PCOS [183,184].…”

Section: Ovarian Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Valproate and Neuroendocrine Changes in Relation to Women Treated for Epilepsy and Bipolar Disorder: A Review

Reynolds¹,

Sisk²,

Rasgon³

2007

CMC

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Valproic acid (2-n-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) is well-established as a mood-stabilizer for bipolar disorder, in addition to its application as a treatment in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, migraine headaches, and chronic neuropathic pain. Its mechanisms of actions in any of the disorders have not yet been fully elucidated but currently include GABA-ergic inhibitory effects, the suppression of NMDA-mediated excitatory neurotransmission, and possibly effects on monoamines and cerebral glucose metabolism. Given the rising use of VPA by women of reproductive age for various conditions it is increasingly important to understand how VPA affects reproductive and metabolic function in women, yet a number of key issues regarding VPA use in women of reproductive age remain unclear. These include the question of whether VPA use is associated with the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like features (such as elevated androgen concentrations and/or chronic anovulation). The metabolic effects of VPA use, particularly on insulin sensitivity and weight gain, are also important to understand. Lastly, questions of VPA use during pregnancy and lactation require continued attention. This article reviews the current understanding of VPA's mechanisms of action, effects on the reproductive and metabolic system, and teratogenic qualities, highlighting important future areas of study.

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“…Diagnostic criteria include hyperandrogenism (biochemical and/or clinical), chronic oligo- or anovulation, and polycystic ovaries (76). With a prevalence of 4–10% (77, 78), it is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive-age women and a leading cause of anovulatory infertility. PCOS is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance.…”

Section: Follicle Culture System Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering the Ovarian Follicle Microenvironment

Shea

Woodruff

Shikanov

2014

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

152

108

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Chemo- and radiation therapies used to treat cancer can have the unintended effect of making patients infertile. Clinically established fertility preservation methods, such as egg and embryo cryopreservation, are not applicable to all patients, which has motivated the development of strategies that involve ovarian tissue removal and cryopreservation before the first sterilizing treatment. To restore fertility at a later date, the early-stage follicles present in the tissue must be matured to produce functional oocytes, a process that is not possible using existing cell culture technologies. This review describes the application of tissue engineering principles to promote ovarian follicle maturation and produce mature oocytes through either in vitro culture or transplantation. The design principles for these engineered systems are presented, along with identification of emerging opportunities in reproductive biology.

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Polycystic ovaries and associated clinical and biochemical features in young women

Cited by 367 publications

References 43 publications

Acceleration of Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Adolescent Girls with a History of Central Precocious Puberty with versus without Hyperandrogenism

Acceleration of Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Adolescent Girls with a History of Central Precocious Puberty with versus without Hyperandrogenism

Valproate and Neuroendocrine Changes in Relation to Women Treated for Epilepsy and Bipolar Disorder: A Review

Bioengineering the Ovarian Follicle Microenvironment

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