Polycystic Kidney Disease in the Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis)

Nees, Stephanie; Schade, Benjamin; Clauß, Marcus; Steinmetz, Hanspeter W.; Ehrensperger, F; Steck, Beatrice; Hatt, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1638/2007-0175.1

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…16,45 Canines and incisors grow continuously in hippos and may reach impressive lengths. 3,48,57 Various clinical signs have been reported in conjunction with PKD, including inter alia, anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, and hind leg weakness. In both species, abnormal length of teeth may constitute a problem.…”

Section: Noninfectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus)

Walzer¹,

Stalder²

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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Section: Noninfectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus)

Walzer¹,

Stalder²

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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“…PKD has been previously described on gross necropsy and histologically in pygmy hippopotami (Raymond et al. 2000; Nees et al. 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs observed in pygmy hippopotami diagnosed with PKD included anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria and hind leg weakness (Raymond et al. 2000; Nees et al. 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Medetomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anaesthesia in pygmy hippopotami (Choeropsis liberiensis) – a case series

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Hermes

Gasthuys

et al. 2012

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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A retrospective analysis of mortality in captive pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) from 1912 to 2014

Flacke

Tkalčić

Steck³

et al. 2016

Zoo Biology

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The pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) is an IUCN Red List Endangered species (CITES Appendix II) that has been housed in zoological collections since 1912. As wild populations continue to decline throughout the species' range, successful ex situ breeding and management, including an understanding of morbidity and mortality, are of utmost importance. This study is the first comprehensive review of mortality data from the captive population since 1982 and significantly expands on previous analyses. We solicited necropsy reports from 129/187 zoological institutions worldwide that currently or previously held pygmy hippos and received data for 404 animals (177 ♂, 220 ♀, 7 undermined sex), representing 43% of pygmy hippos that have died in captivity. Mortality in neonates was primarily due to perinatal causes (51.8%-stillbirth, failure to thrive, weakness, poor suckling reflex, maternal neglect) or parent-inflicted trauma (28%). Common causes of mortality in adult and geriatric animals included cardiovascular disease (16%), degenerative musculoskeletal conditions (10%), obstructive gastrointestinal disease (9%), and renal insufficiency (13%), sometimes associated with advanced polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Although not the direct cause of mortality, a number of adult and geriatric pygmy hippos were also overweight to obese. Infectious causes of mortality in included leptospirosis and encephalomyocarditis virus, the latter usually presenting as acute death due to cardiovascular demise. This comprehensive overview presents a useful guide for recommendations in preventative veterinary care and for improved husbandry and management of pygmy hippos in captivity. Zoo Biol. 35:556-569, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Polycystic Kidney Disease in the Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis)

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus)

Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus)

Medetomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anaesthesia in pygmy hippopotami (Choeropsis liberiensis) – a case series

A retrospective analysis of mortality in captive pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) from 1912 to 2014

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