Polycyclic organic material (POM) in urban air. Fractionation, chemical analysis and genotoxicity of particulate and vapour phases in an industrial town in Finland

Pyysalo, Heikki; Tuominen, Jari; Wickström, Kim; Skyttä, Eija; Tikkanen, Leena; Salomaa, Sisko; Sorsa, Marja; Nurmela, Tuomo; Mattila, T.; Pohjola, Veikko J.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90244-7

Cited by 82 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The levels of PAHs compounds in samples collected from Sihwa major and minor industrial zones for ambient air revealed that the sum of PAHs is lower in Sihwa major industrial zone as compared to Sihwa minor industrial zone, however the levels of Phenanthrene, Indeno [1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and Benzo[g,h,i]perylene were higher in both the zones, whereas the lowest levels of Benz[a]anthracene was observed in both the zones. These compounds have been found in the ambient air (Pyysalo et al, 1987), and some of them have been identified as potential tracers of PAHs emissions (Ramdahl et al, 1982).…”

Section: Pahs Levels In Ambient Air From Two Industrial Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels from two industrial zones (Sihwa and Banwal) located in An-san city of the Korean peninsula and their influence on lake

Hashmi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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ABSTRACT:The present research investigation was aimed at monitoring the levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Korean ambient air, pine needle, and soil. Samples were collected from two large industrial zones of An-san city namely Sihwa and Banwal, both these industrial zones were further divided into major and minor zones in order to compare the levels of PAHs between the two industrial zones. Furthermore, the quality of the lake water near these two industrial zones was also monitored by analyzing water (dissolved phase, suspended solids) and sediment samples for the detection of PAHs. In this study, a high volume sampling method (HVAS-Sibata) was employed to collect airborne PAHs in both the particulate and gas phases. Hewlett Packard gas chromatographs equipped with mass spectrometer detectors (GC/MS) were used to analyze the samples. The monitoring data revealed that Sihwa major industrial zone have lower levels of PAHs in comparison to Sihwa minor industrial zone where increase levels of PAHs were observed in both the ambient air and soil samples, whereas in case of pine needle sample the PAHs levels were higher in Sihwa industrial zone. The sum of PAHs levels in ambient air from Sihwa major industrial and minor zones were found to be ranging between 50.17 ng/m 3 and 96.46 ng/m 3 whereas the estimated levels of PAHs from Banwal major industrial and minor zones were found to be ranging between 149.64 ng/m 3 and 34.87 ng/m 3 respectively. Since Banwal major industrial zone includes many sources, higher levels of PAHs were observed in almost all the samples as compared to Banwal minor industrial zone. Similarly, the level of PAHs in water and sediment samples from lake near Sihwa industrial zone showed an increase trend in dissolved and suspended solids in comparison to samples collected near Banwal industrial zone. Phenanthrene, Indeno [1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and Benzo [g,h,i]perylene showed the highest levels in both the zones. However, the levels of PAHs in sediment samples were lower near Sihwa industrial zone and vice versa, however lowest concentration of Anthracene was observed in both the zones. A detailed and thorough environmental monitoring for the presence of these toxic compounds in the environment is currently needed to set a baseline for future research. The work is still in progress to estimate the levels of PAHs from both these sites within our laboratory. @JASEM

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Section: Pahs Levels In Ambient Air From Two Industrial Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels from two industrial zones (Sihwa and Banwal) located in An-san city of the Korean peninsula and their influence on lake

Hashmi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…To estimate CB ,0 we can use Aerosol Science and Technology 30:1 January 1999 Measurement of Absorption Artifact in an Impactor 25 gas-particle distribution ratios, f , which have been measured for PAHs in the atmosphere by a number of investigators (Yamasaki et al 1982;Pyysalo et al 1987;McVeety and Hites 1988;Ligocki and Pankow 1989). Measured values of f were determined from the literature as…”

Section: Criterion 1: Equilibrium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A signi cant fraction of lower molecular weight PAHs have been reported to partition to the gas phase in the atmosphere (Yamasaki et al 1982;Pyysalo et al 1987;McVeety and Hites 1988;Tuominen et al 1988;Ligocki and Pankow 1989). These compounds are readily soluble in oils and may absorb from the gas phase into the oiled impaction substrates during atmospheric sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Semi-Volatile Compounds in Oiled Impaction Substrates: Measurement of Pyrene Absorption

Allen¹

1999

Aerosol Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT. Oiled impaction substrates have been used to prevent particle bounce during the collection of size-segregated aerosol samples, which have been analyzed for trace-level airborne organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The use of the oiled impaction substrates, however, may introduce another sampling artifact-the absorption of semivolatile species from the gas phase which could arti cially increase the amount of PAHs attributed to the aerosol. In this article, laboratory measurements of the absorption of a particular PAH, pyrene, from the gas phase to impaction substrates of polytetra uoroethylene membranes impregnated with dibutyl phthalate are reported. Overall mass transfer coef cients are determined from the data. These results are used to calculate the absorption of gas phase PAHs during sampling of size-segregated atmospheric particles. Criteria are developed to determine if the absorption artifact is negligible. The rst criterion requires that the analyte be negligibly soluble in the oil; this criterion is met by none of the impaction oils reported in the literature. The second criterion is that species do not have time to reach an equilibrium distribution between the gas phase and impaction oil; this criterion is met for nonvolatile species, those with vapor pressures equal to or less than that of benzo[a]pyrene (3.5 3 10 6 Pa). We recommend that oiled impaction substrates be used only if the absorption artifact is expected to be negligible on the basis of these criteria.

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“…PAHs and their derivatives, extracted from sampled airborne particulate matter, are both carcinogenic and mutagenic. Traffic was suggested to be the major determinant for both the concentrations of PAHs and genotoxic activity in urban air [13][14][15][16][17]. Even though PAHs in the air are associated with both the gas phase and suspended particulate matter, the most extensive studies on PAHs have been performed in the particulate phase [18][19][20][21][22][23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle‐bound composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aerosol carbons in the ambient air

Chen¹,

Liao²,

Jian³

et al. 1997

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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Particle-bound composition and size distributions of organic carbon (OC) , elemental carbon (EC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured by the PS-1 sampler, NRI (Noll Rotary Impactor) and MOUDIs (Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) in the ambient air of the traffic intersection and rural site in Ping Tung area of Southern Taiwan from September 1994 to December 1995. Elemental analyzer was used to analyze the carbon composition of aerosol samples. Twenty one individual PAHs were analyzed primarily by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) . In the ambient air of Ping Tung area, the aerosol carbons accounted for 18.7%-25.5% of the total suspended particulate (TSP) mass loading. EC and OC comprised about 12% and 10% of the TSP mass, respectively. The concentration ratios for TC/EC ranged between 1.4 and 2.6 and averaged 2.0 duringand BghiP, were existed in the particle size less than 2.5 μm. The size distribution for particle-bound composition of OC, and EC are all bimodal. The bi-peaks were all localized at 0.18-0.32 and 1.8-3.2 ranges, respectively.However, the particle size distribution of particle-bound total-PAH compositon was found to have trimodal size distribution; the major peaks were localized at 0.05-0.1 μm, 0.18-0.32 μm and 1.8-3.2 μm, respectively, which also mostly belonged to the fine particle mode (Dp < 2.5 μm) . The major peaks for particlebound composition of OC, EC and total-PAHs particle size distribution all located at the fine particle mode indicate not only the gas-to-particle condensation in the fine particle mode after those are emitted to the atmosphere but also reveal some important information related to health hazards in the ambient air of traffic intersection. In the ambient air of traffic intersection, the cumulative fraction of carcinogenic-PAHs and TSP in the particle size less than 1 μm were 71.5% and 15.5%, respectively, while those values in the particle size less than 2.5 μm were 79.5% and 18.6%, respectively. More than 96% of carainogenic-PAHs were existed in the particle size less than 10 μm. However, more than 68% of TSP were existed in the particle size larger than 10 μm.

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Polycyclic organic material (POM) in urban air. Fractionation, chemical analysis and genotoxicity of particulate and vapour phases in an industrial town in Finland

Cited by 82 publications

References 38 publications

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels from two industrial zones (Sihwa and Banwal) located in An-san city of the Korean peninsula and their influence on lake

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels from two industrial zones (Sihwa and Banwal) located in An-san city of the Korean peninsula and their influence on lake

Absorption of Semi-Volatile Compounds in Oiled Impaction Substrates: Measurement of Pyrene Absorption

Particle‐bound composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aerosol carbons in the ambient air

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