Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust samples from Cities of Jeddah and Kuwait: Levels, sources and non-dietary human exposure

Ali, Nadeem; Ismail, Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim; Khoder, Mamdouh I.; Shamy, Magdy; Alghamdi, Mansour A.; Costa, Max; Ali, Lulwa; Wang, Wei; Eqani, Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.134

Cited by 80 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The highest daily intakes were obtained for PYR (24 to 31 ng kg −1 day −1 for children and 2.6 to 3.3 ng kg −1 day −1 for adults) and ACY (12 to 31 ng kg −1 day −1 for children and 1.2 to 3.3 ng kg −1 day −1 for adults). These values are higher than those documented for dust samples collected from three different microenvironments (cars, air conditioner filters, and household floor dust) of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait [92]. Nevertheless, the HQ values of our study were less than one, indicating that there was no considerable non-carcinogenic risk arising from ingestion of PAHs in resuspended PM 10 .…”

Section: Human Exposure To Plasticizers and Pahs In Resuspended Dustcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Vicente

Nunes

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Residential dust is recognized as a major source of environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and plasticizers, such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs). A sampling campaign was carried out to characterize the dust fraction of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10), using an in situ resuspension chamber in three rooms (kitchen, living room, and bedroom) of four Spanish houses. Two samples per room were collected with, at least, a one-week interval. The PM10 samples were analyzed for their carbonaceous content by a thermo-optical technique and, after solvent extraction, for 20 PAHs, 8 PAEs and one non-phthalate plasticizer (DEHA) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, higher dust loads were observed for parquet flooring as compared with tile. The highest dust loads were obtained for rugs. Total carbon accounted for 9.3 to 51 wt% of the PM10 mass. Plasticizer mass fractions varied from 5 µg g−1 to 17 mg g−1 PM10, whereas lower contributions were registered for PAHs (0.98 to 116 µg g−1). The plasticizer and PAH daily intakes for children and adults via dust ingestion were estimated to be three to four orders of magnitude higher than those via inhalation and dermal contact. The thoracic fraction of household dust was estimated to contribute to an excess of 7.2 to 14 per million people new cancer cases, which exceeds the acceptable risk of one per million.

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Section: Human Exposure To Plasticizers and Pahs In Resuspended Dustcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Vicente

Nunes

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…Nồng độ PAHs trong mẫu bụi trong nhà ở Hà Nội thấp hơn đáng kể so với một số khu vực ở Trung Quốc với nguồn phát thải đặc thù như khu dân cư gần đường vận chuyển dầu diesel ở Nantou, Đài Loan (trung vị 107.400, khoảng 16.000-580.000 ng/g) [25] hay các nhà dân sử dụng than đá làm nhiên liệu đốt chủ đạo ở Qingyang, tây bắc Trung Quốc (trung vị 21.000, khoảng 8450-121.000 ng/g) [26]. Hàm lượng PAHs trong các mẫu bụi trong nhà của nghiên cứu này phù hợp với khoảng nồng độ đo được trong mẫu bụi tại các nước đang phát triển khác như Saudi Arabia và Kuwait [27], Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ [28], Jordan [29] và Nepal [30]. Như vậy, mức độ ô nhiễm PAHs trong mẫu bụi trong nhà và ngoài đường ở Hà Nội nằm trong khoảng trung bình hoặc thấp so với các quốc gia khác trên thế giới.…”

Section: Nồng độ Pahs Trong Mẫu Bụiunclassified

Analysis and Evaluation of Contamination Status of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Settled House and Road Dust Samples from Hanoi

Anh¹,

Takahashi²,

Thao³

et al. 2019

NST

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Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in settled house dust and road dust samples collected from a core urban area of Hanoi. Levels of PAHs ranged from 830 to 3500 (median 2000) ng/g in house dust, and from 1400 to 4700 (median 1700) ng/g in road dust. Concentrations of PAHs in dust samples of this study were within the moderate range as compared with those from other countries in the world. Toxic equivalents to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP-EQs) in our samples ranged from 81 to 850 (median 330) ng BaP-EQ/g with principal contributors as BaP and dibenz[a,h]anthracene, which accounted for 69% to 93% of BaP-EQs. In almost all the samples, proportions of high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs with 4–6 rings) were higher than those of low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs with 2–3 rings), suggesting emission sources from combustion processes rather than direct contamination by petrogenic sources. Traffic activities were estimated as important sources of PAHs in the studied areas, for example, vehicular exhaust and tire debris. Keywords: PAHs, house dust, road dust, traffic emission, urbanization. References [1] K. Srogi, Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review, Environ. Chem. Let. 5 (2007) 169-195. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10311-007-0095-0.[2] K.H. Kim, S.A. Jahan, E. Kabir, R.J.C. Brown, A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects. Environ. Int. 60 (2013) 71–80. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.019.[3] E. Stogiannidis, R. Laane, Source characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using their molecular indices: an overview of possibilities. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 234 (2015) 49–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10638-0_2.[4] H.I. Abdel-Shafy, M.S.M. Mansour, A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source, environmental impacts, effect on human health and remediation. Egypt. J. Pet. 25 (2016) 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.011.[5] ATSDR, 1995. Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. https://www.atsdr.cdc. gov/toxprofiles/tp69.pdf.[6] M.T. Anh, L.M. Triet, J.J. Sauvain, J. Tarradellas, PAH contamination levels in air particles and sediments of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 63 (1999) 728–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128 9901040.[7] T.T. Hien, L.T. Thanh, T. Kameda, N. Takenaka, H. Bandow, Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with particle size in urban aerosols at the roadside in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Atmos. Environ. 41 (2007) 1575–1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv. 2006.10.045.[8] M. Kishida, K. Imamura, N. Takenaka, Y. Maeda, P.H. Viet, H. Bandow, Concentrations of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter and the gaseous phase at roadside sites in Hanoi, Vietnam. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 81 (2008) 174–179. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00128-008-9450-5. [9] H.Q. Anh, K. Tomioka, N.M. Tue, L.H. Tuyen, N.K. Chi, T.B. Minh, P.H. Viet, S. Takahashi, A preliminary investigation of 942 organic micro-pollutants in the atmosphere in waste processing and urban areas, northern Vietnam: levels, potential sources, and risk assessment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 167 (2019) 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.026.[10] C.V. Hung, B.D. Cam, P.T.N Mai, B.Q. Dzung, Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in municipal sewage sludge from a river in highly urbanized metropolitan area in Hanoi, Vietnam: levels, accumulation pattern and assessment of land application. Environ. Geochem. Health 37 (2015) 133–146. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9635-2.[11] C.T. Pham, N. Tang, A. Toriba, K. Hayakawa, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particles and soil at a traffic site in Hanoi, Vietnam. Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 35 (2015) 355–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406 638.2014.903284.[12] H.Q. Anh, K. Tomioka, N.M. Tue, G. Suzuki, T.B. Minh, P.H. Viet, S. Takahashi, Comprehensive analysis of 942 organic micro-pollutants in settled dusts from northern Vietnam: pollution status and implications for human exposure. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 21 (2019) 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101 63-018-0745-2.[13] L.H. Tuyen, N.M. Tue, G. Suzuki, K. Misaki, P.H. Viet, S. Takahashi, S. Tanabe, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated activities in road dust from a metropolitan area, Hanoi-Vietnam: contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and human risk assessment. Sci. Total Environ. 491-492 (2014) 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014. 01.086.[14] L.H. Tuyen, N.M. Tue, S. Takahashi, G. Suzuki, P.H. Viet, A. Subramanian, K.A. Bulbule, P. Parthasarathy, A. Ramanathan, S. Tanabe, Methylated and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in street dust from Vietnam and India: occurrence, distribution and in vitro toxicity evaluation. Environ. Pollut. 194 (2014) 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol. 2014.07.029.[15] H.Q. Anh, T.M. Tran, N.T.T. Thuy, T.B. Minh, S. Takahashi, Screening analysis of organic micro-pollutants in road dusts from some areas in northern Vietnam: a preliminary investigation on contamination status, potential sources, human exposures, and ecological risk. Chemosphere 224 (2019) 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chemosphere.2019.02.177.[16] H.T.T. Thuy, T.T.C. Loan, T.H. Phuong, The potential accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in phytoplankton and bivalves in Can Gio coastal wetland, Vietnam. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25 (2018) 17240–17249. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356-018-2249-y.[17] P.C. Van Metre, B.J. Mahler, J.T. Wilson, PAHs underfoot: contaminated dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement is widespread in the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 (2009) 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/es802119h.[18] L. Liu, A. Liu, Y. Li, L. Zhang, G. Zhang, Y. Guan, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with road deposited solid and their ecological risk: Implications for road stormwater reuse. Sci. Total Environ. 563–564 (2016) 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.114.[19] X. Zheng, Y. Yang, M. Liu, Y. Yu, J.L. Zhou, D. Li, PAH determination based on a rapid and novel gas purge-microsyringe extraction (GP-MSE) technique in road dust of Shanghai, China: Characterization, source apportionment, and health risk assessment. Sci. Total Environ. 557–558 (2016) 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2016.03.124.[20] T.T. Dong, B.K. Lee, Characteristics, toxicity, and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea. Chemosphere 74 (2009) 1245–1253. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.035.[21] R. Khanal, H. Furumai, F. Nakajima, C. Yoshimura, Carcinogenic profile, toxicity and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulated from urban road dust in Tokyo, Japan. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 165 (2018) 440–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoenv.2018.08.095.[22] N. Soltani, B. Keshavarzi, F. Moore, T. Tavakol, A.R. Lahijanzadeh, N. Jaafarzadeh, M. Kermani, Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Sci. Total Environ. 505 (2015) 712–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.097.[23] B.A.M. Bandowe, M.A. Nkansah, Occurrence, distribution and health risk from polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, oxygenated-PAHs and azaarenes) in street dust from a major West African Metropolis. Sci. Total Environ. 553 (2016) 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2016.02.142.[24] T.C. Nguyen, P. Loganathan, T.V. Nguyen, S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy, D. Slee, G. Stevenson, R. Naidu, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road-deposited sediments, water sediments, and soils in Sydney, Australia: Comparisons of concentration distribution, sources and potential toxicity. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 104 (2014) 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.010. [25] C. Y. Kuo, H.C. Chen, F.C. Cheng, L.R. Huang, P.S. Chien, J.Y. Wang, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in household dust near diesel transport routes. Environ. Geochem. Health 34 (2012) 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-011-9392-4.[26] W. Wang, F.Y. Wu, J.S. Zheng, M.H. Wong, Risk assessments of PAHs and Hg exposure via settled house dust and street dust, linking with their correlations in human hair. J. Hazard. Mater. 263 (2013) 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2013.10.023.[27] N. Ali, I.M.I. Ismail, M. 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Prudente, R. Boonyatumanond, S.K. Sarkar, B. Bhattacharya, P. Mishra, T.S. Tana, Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 58 (2009) 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.049.

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“…Due to high usage of cars and air conditioners, analysis of human exposure to PAHs in specific indoor microenvironments (air-conditioner filters, cars, and households) was conducted in Jeddah (Ali et al, 2016b). The median level of indoor PAHs in air-conditioner filters, cars, and households was revealed to be 3450, 2200 and 2650 ppb, respectively (Ali et al, 2016b). The main sources were low-molecular weight PAHs from incomplete combustion of petrochemical products, which were characterized by 2-3 and 4-6 rings referred to as petrogenic and pyrogenic sources, respectively.…”

Section: Air Pollutants In Ksamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure levels to organophosphate FRs in Kuwaiti houses and cars were measured to be 475 and 16,900 ppb, respectively . Similarly, exposure assessment to total PAHs in dust aerosols collected from the cars and houses in Kuwait city showed median concentration levels of 1675 and 950 ppb, respectively (Ali et al, 2016b). The impact of door opening/closure on three main indoor air pollutants (VOCs, HCHO, and NO 2 ) was investigated in a modern office complex in Kuwait city.…”

Section: Air Pollutants In Kuwaitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher ambient temperature and humidity in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has increased the time duration, which is being spent at homes, offices, cafés, shopping malls, and similar indoor places (Ali et al, 2016b). Further, the GCC countries are categorized as developing countries and they are well-known as the hub for the majority of global oil reserves and crude oil production plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor air pollution and exposure assessment of the gulf cooperation council countries: A critical review

Amoatey

Omidvarborna

Baawain

et al. 2018

Environment International

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust samples from Cities of Jeddah and Kuwait: Levels, sources and non-dietary human exposure

Cited by 80 publications

References 48 publications

Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Analysis and Evaluation of Contamination Status of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Settled House and Road Dust Samples from Hanoi

Indoor air pollution and exposure assessment of the gulf cooperation council countries: A critical review

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