Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in various types of tea

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in yerba maté ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) traditional infusions ( mate and tereré )

“…For cold infusions, PAH8 levels varied from 19.2 to 937.3 ng/L, and BaP contents were between 7.0 and 92.1 ng/L. PAHs levels found in the infusions were far lower than those reported by many authors in yerba mat e (Kamangar et al, 2008;García Londoño et al, 2014;Schulz et al, 2015;Vieira et al, 2010;Ziegenhals et al, 2008). Because PAHs have high octanolewater partition coefficients (K ow ) and low aqueous solubilities (Ma, Lei, Xiao, Wania, & Wang, 2010), especially the higher molecular weight PAHs as those included in this study, their transfer to the infusions is expected to be low.…”

“…Considering the number of reports dealing with PAHs presence in yerba mat e and its infusions, the occurrence of these compounds in these matrices has been widely proved (Camargo & Toledo, 2002;García Londoño, Reynoso, & Resnik, 2014;Golozar et al, 2012;Kamangar, Schantz, Abnet, Fagundes, & Dawsey, 2008;Schulz, Fritz, & Ruthenschr€ or, 2015;Vieira et al, 2010;Ziegenhals et al, 2008;Zuin, Montero, Bauer, & Popp, 2005). Referring specifically to the content of PAHs in the infusions prepared with yerba mat e, some researchers conducted studies where they determined the concentration of these compounds in yerba mat e hot and cold infusions (Camargo & Toledo, 2002;Kamangar, Schantz, Abnet, Fagundes & Dawsey, 2008;Schulz et al, 2015;Zuin et al, 2005).…”

“…First, they are subjected to direct exposure to flame (zapecado), followed by a final drying step where the raw material comes into direct contact with hot air and combustion gases from the burning of wood, wood chips and/or sawdust (Heck & Mejía, 2007;Schmalko & Alzamora, 2001). These processing stages contribute to the formation of PAHs and its subsequent deposition in the branches of yerba mat e which offer a large surface area (Vieira et al, 2010;Ziegenhals, Jira, & Speer, 2008).…”

PAHs in some brands of tea

“…These were found to be 497-1,162 μg PAH/kg for two green teas and two brick teas (Fiedler et al 2002); 13-7,536 μg PAH/kg for 11 brands of tea (Schlemitz and Pfannhauser 1997); 48-1,703 μg PAH/kg for 34 brands of tea (Ciemniak 2005); 9,650 ± 1,200 μg PAH/kg for black tea (Lin and Zhu 2004) and 323-8,800 μg PAH/kg for eight brands of Chinese tea (Lin et al 2005). Ziegenhals et al (2008) have recently studied PAHs in various types of tea by Gel Permeation Chromatography and Solid Phase Extraction. A report by Bishnoi et al (2005) describes a method for quantification of 16 PAHs in tea samples of Mumbai City (India) with High Performance Liquid Chromatography and found 18.79-31.37 μg/L of PAHs in different brands of tea samples.…”

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dry tea

“…Concentrations of PAH in black teas measured in previous studies outside of the United States varied from 4.9 to 103.6 μg/kg, [8] from 9.0 to 44.6 μg/kg, [9] from 6.4 to 70.0 μg/kg, [10] and from 21.6 to 65.8 μg/kg. [11] Even higher concentrations were measured on Mate teas, with concentrations of PAH ranging from 184.6 to 1615 μg/kg.…”