Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal sea water, the surface sediment and Mudskipper Boleophthalmus dussumieri from coastal areas of the Persian Gulf: source investigation, composition pattern and spatial distribution

Abstract

BackgroundPersian Gulf is an exposed and stressed area as a result of oil pollution and other fossil fuels containing PAHs. The susceptibility of using mudskippers to monitor marine pollution, like PAHs, points to the fact that mudskippers are able to accumulate and record the PAHs presented in the coastal environments.MethodsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in the coastal waters, the sediments and biota (i.e., Boleophthalmus dussumieri) along the coast of the Persian Gulf. PAHs concentrations were measured with HPLC method.ResultsTotal PAH concentrations in the sea water, the sediments, the liver and the gill tissues ranged between 0.80-18.34 μg/l, 113.50-3384.34 ng g-1 (d w), 3.99-46.64 ng g-1 (d w) and 3.11-17.76 ng g-1 (d w), respectively. PAHs distribution patterns in the sediment and the liver tissue samples were dominated by three-and four-ring structures whereas two-and three-rings were dominated in the water and the gill.ConclusionsThis finding revealed a negative eco-risk effects occasionally occur in this area. The higher presence of low condensate ring structures reflected a predominant origin of petrogenic and some cases of pyrolitic sources.

Levels, Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water in the Lower Reach of Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria

“…Petrogenic PAHs are emitted directly to a water body while pyrogenic PAHs are first emitted into the air and enters the water through atmospheric fall-out [24]. In addition, mixed sources of PAH observed in this study compares with the result obtained by [25,26].…”

The Effect of Phenanthrene on Some Hematological Indices Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus Latus)

“…Anthropogenic activities such as oil extraction and transportation cause an increased discharge of oil compounds into aquatic environments [1]. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments is a crucial environmental problem because of their accumulation in marine animals that can cause a disturbance of the homeostasis in animals [2].…”

“…Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant compounds of PAHs in the aquatic environment because of both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. It is among 16 PAHs that are on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority pollutant list [1,4]. The concentration of recorded from 15.438 to 632.682 ng/g in the sediment of the Persian Gulf, is situated at the south of Iran [1].…”

“…It is among 16 PAHs that are on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority pollutant list [1,4]. The concentration of recorded from 15.438 to 632.682 ng/g in the sediment of the Persian Gulf, is situated at the south of Iran [1]. This compound could cause structural damage to the hematopoiesis tissues [4].…”

Response of Melanomacrophage Centers in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) Immune Organs as an Immunohistological Biomarker in Short-term Exposure to Phenanthrene

“…Phenanthrene (Phe), a model PAH, can accumulate in tissue and lead to oxidative stress [2]. Recently, a concentration of Phe varied from 15.438 to 632.682 ng/g in the sediment, and from 0.37 to 11.10 μg/L in surface water, in the north of the Persian Gulf [3]. It consequently could cause a destructive effect such as decreased survival in aquatic animals exposed to contaminated marine environments.…”